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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Testes
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Produce and nourish developing sperm
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Scrotum
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Protective sac for the testes
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Seminiferous Tubules
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Coiled tubes which contain diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce haploid sperm cells
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Epididymis
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Where mature sperm are stored
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Vas Deferens
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A tube that carries sperm to the urethra
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Seminal Vesicles
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Provide fluid to swim, as well as nutrients to provide energy for the journey.
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Prostate
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Provides fluids and nutrients for swimming
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Cowper's Glands
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Provides nutrients and fluids for swimming.
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Urethra
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Transports sperm and urine outside the body.
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Ovary
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Where eggs mature and release
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Follicle
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Contains immature eggs
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Ovulation
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The egg leaves the ovary and travels towards the uterus.
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Corpus Luteum
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Empty follicle
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Progesterone
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A female horomone
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Estrogen
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A female horomone
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Prolactin
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Female horomone
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Menstrual Cycle
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Female reproductive cycle which lasts about 28 days. Within the cycle, one egg matures and is released.
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Flow Phase
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The endometrium is rich in blood vessels and menstruation looks like blood is being released.
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Follicular Phase
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Since no zygote is implanted, a new follicle develops.
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Luteal Phase
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The empty follicle develops into the corpus luteum.
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Menstruation
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If the egg is not fertilized, the endometrium sheds.
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Menopause
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The time in a woman's life (age 40-50) when the menstrual cycle ends.
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Uterus
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Organ that receives the embryo when the egg is fertilized.
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Cervix
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Muscular opening between the uterus and the vagina.
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Endometrium
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Lining of the uterus
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Fallopian Tube
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Transports the egg to the uterus
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Embryo
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A developing organism produced by a zygote
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Fetus
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A small developing organism
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Placenta
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A flattened circular organ in the uterus of pregnant eutherian mammals, nourishing and maintaining the fetus through the umbilical cord.
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Differentiation
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The process of growing and unspecialized cells into many specialized cells.
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Stem Cells
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Unspecialized cells that have the ability to reproduce themselves and differentiate into specialized cells.
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Identical Twins
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Occurs when one egg becomes two embryos (identical DNA, they share a placenta).
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Fraternal Twins
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Occurs when two eggs become fertilized at the same time (different DNA, they have their own placenta).
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Karyotype
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The arrangement of an organisms chromosomes from one body cell; the human karyotype has 23 pairs of chromosomes.
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Sex Chromosomes
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• Two chromosomes that determine gender
• Called X & Y chromosomes • Both primary and secondary sexual characteristics are controlled by the two chromosomes • Females have two X chromosomes • Males have an X & Y chromosome • All eggs have an X chromosome • Half of all sperm cells carry and X chromosome and the other half carry a Y chromosome • Meiosis in males produces 4 haploid sperm cells •Meiosis in females produces 1 haploid egg cell; the other 3 cells are smaller and eventually disintegrate |
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Atypical Meiosis
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An error in the separation of chromosomes.
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Artificial Insemination
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Introduction of sperm into the female reproductive tract (vagina) by a method other than sexual intercourse. Sperm can come from an anonymous donor or from a sperm bank.
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Gamete Interfallopian Transfer
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Eggs are removed, combined with sperm, then re-introduced into the fallopian tubes/oviduct along with the male sperm. This method increases chance of conception by bringing eggs and sperm together in the oviduct.
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In Vitro Fertilization
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Fertilization that takes place outside of the females body (in a petri-dish).
Steps: 1. Follicles containing immature eggs are removed from ovaries 2. Eggs mature and sperm cells are added 3. Resulting embryos are inserted in the uterus at the right time of the menstrual cycle. |
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Surrogate Mother
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Female who carries the embryos.
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Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
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Injecting a single sperm into the cytoplasm of a mature healthy egg cell. It is commonly used when normal In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) isn't successful. Used when sperm count is very low or sperm are structurally unable to swim.
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