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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Are atoms the smallest particles of matter?
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no
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Why are atoms neutral?
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the charges are balanced
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What takes up most of an atom's volume?
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electrons
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What takes up most of an atom's mass?
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protons and neutrons
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How is an element identified?
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by the number of protons in the nucleus of its atom
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What does the atomic number stand for?
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the number of PROTONS in the nucleus of the atom of that element
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What is matter made of?
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atoms
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Define matter
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anything that has MASS and takes up SPACE
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each atom of a substance has the same ___________ of that substance (fill in blank)
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PROPERTIES
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Where are the heavy and the light particles located in an atom?
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heavy in the nucleus (center)
light in the electron cloud spinning around the nucleus |
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How fast to electrons orbit the nucleus?
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near light speed
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What does every atom have in its nucleus?
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a unique number of PROTONS
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What four things do the periodic table show about an element?
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symbol
number of protons in nucleus mass of the atom electron structure |
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what is inside protons, electron and neutrons?
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quarts
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What are heat, light and sounds forms of?
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energy
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What are the building blocks of matter?
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atoms
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What element is in every living thing?
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carbon
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What four elements are we mostly composed of?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
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How many electrons are needed in the electron shell to be stable?
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8
(note: exception is the S shell, stable with 2 electrons) |
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What happens if an atoms does not have 8 electrons in its shell?
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it will try to attract the electrons from nearby atoms
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When an atom gains an electron, is is positively or negatively charges?
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negatively
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What is ionic bonding?
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when atoms combine by transferring electrons
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What is valance?
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the state of the atom with respect to its combining capacity (i.e. does it have an extra electron or is it short electrons)
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What are five measurable physical properties?
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density
solubility melting point boiling point mass |
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what is solubility?
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the amount a substance will dissolve in a given amount of another substance
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What is a supernova?
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a huge explosion that breaks apart a massive star
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what does malleable mean?
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a term that describes when a material can be pounded into a shape
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What is corrosion?
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the process of oxygen reacting with a metal to form rust
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what is the name for the horizontal row in the periodic table?
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a period
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what is a metalloid?
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an element that has some of the characteristics of metal and some of the characteristics of a non metal
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what does ductile mean?
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material that can be drawn into a long wire
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what is plasma?
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a state of matter that consists of a gas-like mixture of free electrons and of their free electrons
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what are the elements in Group 18 called?
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noble gases
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What is the difference between physical and chemical changes?
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Physical changes are reversible
Chemical changes are not reversible. |
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What is a group on the Periodic Table?
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a VERTICAL column
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What is the relationship of properties of an element in a PERIOD on the periodic table?
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physical and chemical properties of the period CHANGE
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What is the relationship of properties of an elements in a GROUP on the periodic table?
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physical and chemical properties in a group ARE SIMILAR.
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How can you predict and element's properties?
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from its location on the periodic table
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what is the sun mostly made of?
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hydrogen
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Who created the first periodic table?
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Mendeleev
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What type of particles are lost, gained or shared in chemical reactions?
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electrons
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What is a diatomic molecule?
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two identical nonmetal atoms bonded together
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what is the most reactive group of metals on the periodic table?
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the alkali metals
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What are the names of the two groups at the bottom of the periodic table?
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lanthinides
actinides |
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How are elements in the periodic table arranged with respect to mass?
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Left to rights INCREASING
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How is the reactivity of metal elements arranged on the periodic table?
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left to right, DECREASING
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What is the mass of a proton?
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one atomic mass unit
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What is the product of nuclear fusion of the sun's hydrogen?
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helium nulcei and energy
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List two examples of chemical changes
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oxidation
electrolysis |
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What is conversion of mass?
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matter is not created or destroyed
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does every chemical or physical change in matter include a change in energy?
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yes
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What is the difference between temperature and thermal energy?
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temperature is the average
thermal energy is all of the energy |
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What direction do periods go on the periodic table?
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left to right
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What direction do groups or families go on the periodic table?
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up and down
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Why do elements in the same group act the same chemically?
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because they have the same electron configuration in the outer shell
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In a chemical reaction, what do you get?
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new substance, new properties
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Can you create or destroy matter in a chemical reaction?
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no
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What are some signs that a chemical reaction is taking place?
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bubbling (sometimes)
burning rusting forming a precipitate in the bottom of a beaker |