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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endothermic (EN) |
TE + X = Y |
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Exothermic (EX) |
X = Y + TE |
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Synthesis (S) |
X + Y = XY |
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Decomposition (D) |
XY = X + Y |
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Single Displacement (SD) |
XY + Z = X + YZ |
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Double Displacement (DD) |
WX + YZ = WZ + XY |
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No Reaction (NR) |
X + Y = X + Y |
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Neutralization (N) |
A + B = H2O + AB (ionic compound) |
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Complete Combustion (CC) |
HC + O2 = H2O + CO2 + TE |
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Incomplete Combustion (IC) |
HC + O2 = H2O + CO + C + TE |
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Acid (A) |
NM + H2O = A (polyatomic) |
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Base (B) |
M + H2O = B (ends in OH) |
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Crossover Rule |
For naming non-transition-metal ionic bonds Change ending to “ide” |
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Classical (“ous,” “ic”) |
For 4 transition-metals (Fe = Ferr*, Cu = Cuper*, Sn = Stann*, Pb = Plumb*) |
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Stock (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V) |
For bonds involving all other transition metals |
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Systematic (mono, di, tri etc) |
For naming bonds between two non-metals |
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Ionic |
non-metal and a metal |
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Covalent |
non-metal and a non-metal |
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Example of Base |
NaOH(aq) (bases always have OH) |
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Example of Acid |
HBr(aq) (acids always H) |
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Types of Cancer |
Benign and Malignant |
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Treatments for Cancer |
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation |
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Cancer |
is the result of a cell which begins to divide uncontrollably. |
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Gene |
A specific portion of the DNA strand, determining a specific trait in an organism |
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic Acid. A mixture of 4 basis (A, C, G, T) whose order contains life-bearing information. |
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Sexual Reproduction |
All offspring are created from both male and female genetic information (mitosis) |
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Asexual Reproduction |
All offspring are created from and are identical to a single parent (meiosis) |
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Stem Cells |
A cell that can differentiate into many different types of cell |
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Osmosis |
The process by which cells take in water or lose water and it helps them maintain proper balance. |
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Active Transport |
Physically opening the cell membrane into a pocket to allow entrance of larger molecules. (Vitamins, minerals etc) |
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Regeneration |
The ability of a tissue to repair itself. (i.e. Muscle, bone and skin can regrow/heal after injury. Note: Nerve cells do NOT regenerate) |
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DNA to Protein |
1. DNA is untwisted, then unzipped to expose one half of the DNA code for transcription.
2. Bases are aligned in the unzipped DNA strand to transcribe a portion to send a copy (mRNA) out of the nucleus for manufacturing.
3. The mRNA leaves the nucleus via the nuclear pore complex and is shuttled to a ribosome where protein synthesis begins.
4. As the “strip” of mRNA enters the ribosome, further base-pairs, connected to amino acids, interconnect with the open bases on the mRNA sequence. (A--> U, G --> C)
5. A protein emerges from the amino-acid chain, which is further folded into the protein shape prescribed. |
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Interphase |
The longest period of time. It is not actively dividing by mitosis, ‘inter’ means “between.” 1. Cell grows 2. Stores materials needed for cell division 3. DNA is in long, invisible strands called chromatin. 4. DNA is replicated 5. Prepares for mitosis |
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Prophase |
Chromosomes become coiled and visible. Centrioles travel to either side of the cell and are connected by cords called spindle fibers. The nuclear membrane breaks down and disappears. Centrioles and spindle fibers become visible (in animals). |
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Metaphase |
Spindle fibers pull chromosomes to align them in the middle of the cell. You can see their “equitorial” formation. |
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Anaphase |
Spindle fibers contract and shorten. This pulls centromeres apart, breaking chromosomes into chromatin. Chromatin move to centriole (poles) of cell. |
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Telophase |
One set of chromatin at each pole of the cell. Chromosomes uncoil and become invisible. Spindle fibers disappear. Nuclear membranes forms around each chromatin. There are now two nuclei in the cell. |
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Cytokenesis |
Cell wall forms between two nuclei. Cell division ends after cytokinesis. |
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Cells divide to...... |
1. Reproduce 2. Grow 3. Repair |
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Cell Theory |
1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the most basic unit of life. 3. All cells arise from pre-existing, living cells. |
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Cell Membrane |
Allows things in and out |
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Mitochondria |
The powerhouse |
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Nucleus |
The brain |
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Nuclear Membrane |
Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus |
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Cytoplasm |
Provides structure |
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Lysosomes |
(garbage man) break down food, digests wastes and worn out cell parts |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
A series of canals through which food travels to different parts of the cell |
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Ribosomes |
Manufacture substance important to cell function |
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Nucleolous |
Manufactures ribosome parts |
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Vacuole |
Storehouse – contain food, water and waste before they are put elsewhere |
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Golgi Body |
Package useful materials and take them out of the cell for use in another part of the organism |
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Digestive System |
Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus |
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Circulatory System |
Heart, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets, Plasma, Veins, Arteries, Capillaries |
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Respiratory System |
Nose/Mouth, Epiglottis, Trachea, Lungs, Bronchi, Alveoli |
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Musculoskeletal System |
Muscles, Bones, Ligaments, Cartilage |
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Nervous System |
Brain, Spine, Eyes |
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Mouth |
Breaks down food
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Esophagus |
25cm long moves food from throat to stomach (peristalsis) |
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Stomach |
Stores food Chemically breaks down food |
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Small Intestine |
Enzymes and bile are added Nutrients pass into the bloodstream |
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Large Intestine |
Accepts what small intestine doesn't absorb |
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Rectum |
Stores waste before egestion |
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Anus |
Muscular ring that controls egestion |
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Gall Bladder |
Stores bile from the liver Delivers bile |
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Pancreas |
Produces enzymes to digest fatsand proteins |
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Liver |
Produces bile and antibodies |
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Red Blood Cells |
Most plentiful cell in body. Contain hemoglobin. |
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White Blood Cells |
Infection-fighting cells. Recognize and destroy intruders. |
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Platelets |
Allows clotting. Less than 1% of he blood |
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Plasma |
A rich protein liquid. Over half of body's volume. |
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Arteries |
Carry blood away from the heart |
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Veins |
Carry blood toward the heart |
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Capillaries |
Tiny blood vessels with very thin walls |
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Nose/Mouth |
Airway. Moistures and warms air. Filters |
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Epiglottis |
Flap in throat Direct food to stomach and air to lungs |
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Trachea |
Windpipe. Brings air from mouth to lungs |
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Alveoli |
Tiny sack of air Allow O2 and CO2 exchange with the blood |
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Muscles |
Connected to bones by tendons Always work in opposing pairs/ muscle groups |
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Bones |
206 in body Provide structure |
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Ligaments |
Hold bones together at the joints |
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Cartilage |
Disks between joints Found in ears and nose |
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S.A.L.T |
Size Attitude Location Type |
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PRK Surgery |
Uses a precise laser to reshape the cornea |
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LASIK Surgery |
Cuts the cornea and inserts a corrective lens under the flap |
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Key Parts of Eye |
Cornea, Pupil, Iris, Retina |
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Cornea |
The outer transparent layer on the surface of your eye Contributes 65-75% of the eye’s total focusing power |
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Pupil |
A hole that allows light to pass through the eye Enlarges in the dark or when stimulated |
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Iris |
Created by the circular band of muscle. Determines your eye colour Controls the size of the pupil |
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Retina |
The inner lining in the back of the eye Is a projection screen for the light entering your eye |
