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28 Cards in this Set

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1.4 million km

Diameter of sun

Chamberlin-Moulton


Jean-Jeffreys


Kant-Laplace or ___________________

3 Hypotheses on creation of solar system

Modern Nebular Theory

Chamberlin-Moulton

Hypotheses: Collision of stars


Materials:_______________

Jean-Jeffreys

Hypothesis: Near collision with star


Materials: ________________

Refractory Materials

Very high melting and condensation temp.


Tend to _________ except at very ______ temp.


E.g. __________ and ________

Solid; high


Metals and silicates (rocks)

Volatile Materials

Very low melting and condensation temp.


Tend to be _________ (or ________) unless in very ____ temp.


E.g. _____ __ _________, _________, _____, ____________

Gases or liquids; low


Ices of water, ammonia, CO2, Nitrogen

Accretion (__________) → Heating and Melting → Core formation → Cooling and crust formation (____________) → Geological Activity

Planetary Formation

4.5 BY ago;


3.5 BY ago

#1 In orbit around the sun


#2 Has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces and to assume a state of hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape


#3 Has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit

_______ said in a statement that the definition for a planet is officially known as a "_________ _______" that:

IAU;


Celestial body

Terrestrial Planets

Made up of rocky materials with high densities;


All light gaseous materials were driven off;


Examples: ______________

Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars

Partial Melting


Distance from the sun


Presence or absence of biosphere


Volcanism

Factors in the Evolution of TP

Asteroid belt

Rocky fragments that failed to join together to make a planet (too small)

Asteroids

Minor 'planets' or rocky metallic bodies

Asteroids

Material that failed to form a planet; Influenced by gravitational pull


_____________- nearest


_____________- farthest

Apollo


Trojan

NEO

Comets and asteroids that have been nudged by the gravitational attraction of nearby planets into orbits that allow them to enter the Earth's neighborhood (w/in ___ all of the sun)

Near Earth Object

NEO Program

NASA everyday keeps watch for NEOs

Jovian Planets

Planets and moons farther away from the sun

Jovian Planets

Made up of light, gaseous materials with low densities such as sulfur-bearing compounds, water, ice and methane ice


____, ____, _____, and ______ exist as frozen compounds

CH4, NH3, H20 and H2S

Comets

Are like large dirty snowballs, made up of rocks and dust held together by ______ and ________ ____

Ice and frozen gas

Dust and dirt to form a curved ______ _____


Liberated gases glow producing _______ (luminous envelope surrounding solid core)


Ionized by the sun's radiation and pushed backwards by solar wind, the heated gas trails behind and also glows, forming a ____________________

Comets icy layers evaporate near the sun releasing ...

Dust tail


Coma


Straight ionized gas tail

Kuiper Belt, Scattered Disc, and the Oort Cloud


Orbit _____________ away


Gravitational influence

Comet Origins

10 billion mi

Meteoroids

Left behind by an asteroid or comet;


Grain of sand to a meter wide

Meteors

Visible streak of light caused by an object such as a meteoroid, asteroid or other space debris that enters the Earth's atmosphere

Meteorites

Pieces of rocky, metallic debris that actually collide with the Earth; small impacts are common


3 TYPES:


_________


_________


_________________

Stony


Iron


Stony-Iron

Potentially hazardous objects

NEOs pass close enough to Earth amd size large enough to cause significant regional damage in impact


MOID ___________________


Diameter _____________________

<0.05 AU - 7.5 M km


300 - 500 ft

TNO

KBO, SDO and Centaurs


Gravitational interaction with Jovian planets disturbed its orbit bringing it ★the orbits of the gas giants

Trans-Neptunian Objects

Centaurs

"Refugees" from KB or SD (thus have become cis-Neptunian objects)

Around ________________


Large asteroid fell at ________________

Asteroid Theory on Dinosaur Extinction

66 million years ago


Yucatan Peninsula at Chicxulub, Mexico

Asteroid Theory

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