Sci: Stellar Evolution And The Sun

Front 1

Light year (LY) - distance light travels in 1 year = ____________

Parsec (pc) = ______________

Astronomical Unit (AU) - distance ★ earth and sun = ________________

Back 1

Distance Units

Hint 1

6 trillion miles

3.262 LY

93 million miles

Front 2

1.3 light secs

8.3 mins

4.4 LY

25 000 LY

2.5 M LY

Back 2

Distance:

Earth

To moon

To sun

To alpha centauri

To hercules globular

To andromeda galaxy

Front 3

Nebulae

Bok Globules

Protostar

Back 3

Life cycle of stars:

_________ condense due to gravity forming clumps called _________. Temp. continues to increase to 10 M °C, H fusion starts to form He, energy released a ____________ is born

Front 4

100S Supergiants

> 1.4S Large stars

0.1 - 1.4 Sun-like stars

< 0.1 Red dwarfs

Back 4

Possible life cycles of a star

Front 5

100S Supergiants

Back 5

Life span: few MY

Collapse under weight of gravity forming _______________

Hint 5

Black Holes

Front 6

> 1.4S Large stars

Back 6

Become red supergiants after few MY bc they burn fuel quickly

Core cools and counteracts causing explosion or __________, if core survives it cools and contracts into a ___________________ or ____________

Hint 6

Supernova

Neutron star or Pulsar

Front 7

0.1 - 1.4 Sun-like stars

Back 7

Use up H fuel after 10 BY, cool, collapse, reheat and expand into red giants. Eventually outer gaseous layers dissipate into a planetary ________, only dense core remains, cools, shrinks, ________________

Hint 7

Nebula

White dwarf

Front 8

< 0.1Red dwarfs

Back 8

Glow feebly for a long time gradually losing energy

Front 9

Stellar brightness

Back 9

Affected by distance

Lower the figure the brighter the star as seen on Earth

Brightest: __________

Dimmest: _____________

Hint 9

Sirius -1.46

Betelgeuse 0.50

Front 10

Star Temperature

Back 10

The higher the temp., the shorter the wavelength, the ______ the star

Bluish-white __________

Red ____________

Yellow ___________

Hint 10

Bluer

↑30 000 K

3 000 K

6 000 K

Front 11

Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram

Back 11

Classifying stars:

__________ is used to tell a star's type and life-cycle stage

______________ and ________________

Stars are classified accdg. to the area of graph which it falls

Hint 11

Luminosity and surface temp

Front 12

Main sequence star

Red giant

White dwarf

Back 12

SUN → _________________ → __________(5 BY from now) → ______________

Front 13

Type-I supernova

Type-II supernova

Back 13

2 types of supernova

Front 14

Type-I supernova

Back 14

White dwarf in a binary system can accrete enough mass that it cannot support its own weight

Collapses → Carbon fusion (simultaneously) → Explosion

Front 15

Type-II Supernova

Back 15

Massive highly evolved stellar core rapidly implodes then explodes

Believed to be source of _____________ found in the materials of the Earth

Hint 15

Heavier elements

Front 16

Red giant → Core Implosion → Supernova Explosion → Neutron Star (supernova remnant)

Back 16

Birth of a Neutron Star

Front 17

698 450 km

Back 17

Sun's radius

Front 18

Corona

Chromosphere (2 500 km)

Photosphere (450 km)

Back 18

Layers of atmosphere of sun

Front 19

Convective layer (105 500 km)

Radiative layer (420 000 km)

Core (170 000 km)

Back 19

Layers of interior of sun

Front 20

4.6 BY+

~10-13 BY

14 M °C

5 500 °C

25-36 days

8.3 mins

38 times of earth

Back 20

SUN:

Age:

Life Span:

Core temp:

Surface temp:

Rotation period:

Time for light to reach earth:

Surface gravity:

Front 21

Corona

Back 21

Constantly changing plumes and loops of hot gases;

Visible to naked eye only during total eclipses

Front 22

Corona

Back 22

Constantly changing plumes and loops of hot gases;

Visible to naked eye only during total eclipses

Front 23

Prominences

Back 23

Immense looping clouds of glowing gas that erupt from the upper chromosphere; more stable (______________________)

Hint 23

Coronal mass ejections

Front 24

Photosphere

Back 24

Bright surface of the sun, emits most of its energy as light and heat

Front 25

Sunspots

Back 25

Dark areas on the photosphere where intense magnetic activity inhibits convection and cools

Front 26

Chromosphere

Back 26

A thin pink layer above the photosphere but is hotter characterized by flame-like protrusions of gas

Front 27

Faculae

Back 27

Bright H clouds form around sunspot groups as the flow of energy is re-established

Front 28

Flares

Back 28

Bright filaments of hot gas emerging from sunspots; violent, short-lived bursts of magnetic energy emitting radiation and charged particles

Front 29

Core

Back 29

Thermonuclear fusion of 4 protons or hydrogen nuclei to form one alpha particle or helium nucleus

Front 30

Radiation

Back 30

Continuous stream of xrays, gamma rays, protons and elctrons flowing into space at 3 M km/hr

Front 31

Differential Rotation

Magnetism

Back 31

Causes of active regions in the sun

Front 32

Differential Rotation

Back 32

Sun is a rotating ball of gas w/ faster rotation at the equator (_______) than the poles (__________)

Hint 32

25 days

31 days

Front 33

Magnetism

Back 33

Electrically charged particles from vast flows of gases

______ regions - positive magnetic polarity

______ regions - negative magnetic polarity

Hint 33

Dark

Light

Front 34

Schwabe cycle (__________)

Hale cycle (__________)

Back 34

Two Solar Cycles

Marked effect on Earth:

_____________

_________________

Hint 34

11 years

22 years

Aurorae

Power limes

Front 35

Schwabe cycle

Back 35

Sunspots appear, grow in #s and gradually die away