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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Population
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can be defined as a group of individuals of the same species inhabiting an area.
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Natality
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the number of individuals added to the population through reproduction over a paticular time period.
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Birthrate
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the number of individuals born per 1000 individuals per year.
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Morality
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the number of deaths in a population over a particular time period.
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Death Rate
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the number of people who die per 1000 individuals per year.
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Survivorship Curve
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the proportion of individuals likely to survive to each age.
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Population Growth Rate
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the birthrate minus the death rate.
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Sex Ratio
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refers to the relative numbers of males and females.
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Age Distribution
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the number of individuals of each age in the population.
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Population Density
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the number of organisms per unit area.
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Dispersal
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the movement from densely populated locations to new areas.
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Emigration
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the pressure to migrate from a population.
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Immigration
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the migration into a new area.
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Biotic Potential
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inherent reproductive capacity which is its biological ability to produce offspring.
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Lag Phase
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the population grows very slowely because there are few births.
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Exponential Growth Phase
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when the population begins to increase at an accelerating rate.
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Deceleration Phase
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the population growth rate will begin to slow as the death rate and the birthrate come to an equal one another.
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Stable Equilibrium Phase
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when the birthrate and death rate become equal the population will stop growing and reach a relatively stable population size.
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Limiting Factors
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the factors that prevent unlimited population growth.
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Environmental resistance
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all of the different limiting factors that act on a population.
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Extrinsic Limiting Factors
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some factors that control populations coming from outside the population.
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Intrinsic Limiting Factors
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regulated factors from within the populations themselves.
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Density- Dependent Limiting Factors
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those that become more effective as the density of the population increases.
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Density- Independent Limiting Factors
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population controlling influences that are not related to the density of the population.
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Carrying Capacity
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the maximum sustainable population for an area.
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K-Strategists
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organisms that typically reach a stable population as the population reaches the carrying capacity.
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R-Strategists
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typically small organisms that have a short life; produce many offspring, exploit unstable environments and do not reach a carrying capacity.
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More- Developed countries
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typically have per capita income that exceeds US$ 10,000 and have a combined population of about 1.2 billion people
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Less- Developed countries
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have a per capita income of less than US$ 5000 the population totals almost 5.3 billion people and nearly 3 billion live on less than US$ 2 a day.
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Population Density
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the number of people per unit of land area.
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Extrinsic Limiting Factors
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some factors that control populations coming from outside the population.
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Intrinsic Limiting Factors
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regulated factors from within the populations themselves.
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Density- Dependent Limiting Factors
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those that become more effective as the density of the population increases.
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Density- Independent Limiting Factors
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population controlling influences that are not related to the density of the population.
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Carrying Capacity
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the maximum sustainable population for an area.
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K-Strategists
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organisms that typically reach a stable population as the population reaches the carrying capacity.
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R-Strategists
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typically small organisms that have a short life; produce many offspring, exploit unstable environments and do not reach a carrying capacity.
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More- Developed countries
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typically have per capita income that exceeds US$ 10,000 and have a combined population of about 1.2 billion people
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Less- Developed countries
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have a per capita income of less than US$ 5000 the population totals almost 5.3 billion people and nearly 3 billion live on less than US$ 2 a day.
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Population Density
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the number of people per unit of land area.
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Ecological Footprints
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a measure of the land required to provide the resources and absorb the wastes of a population.
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Demography
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the scientific study of human population and their characteristics and how these characteristics affect growth.
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Total Fertility Rate
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the number of children born per woman in her lifetime
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Replacement Fertility
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parents that produce 2 children to replace them when they die.
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Zero Population Growth
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when a population is not growing, and the number of births equals the number of deaths
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Age Distribution
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the number of people of each age in the population.
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Standard of Living
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an abstract concept that attempts to quantify the quality of life of people.
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Gross National Income
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the GNI index measures the total goods and services generated within a country as well as income earned by citizens of the country who are living in other countries.
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Demographic Transition
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a series of stages a population goes through.
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Postwar baby boom
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born during an approximately 15 year period.
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