Schizophrenia Spectrum And Other Psychotic Disorders

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Schizophrenia

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is characterized by a broad spectrum of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions that include delusions and hallucinations, disorganized speech, and behaviour, and inappropriate emotions.

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Symptoms of schizophrenia are divided into...

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Positive, negative and disorganised

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Positive symptoms

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Active manifestations of abnormal behaviour, or an excess or distortion of normal behavior, includes dellusions and hallucinations. Are there but should not be)

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Negative symptoms

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Involve deficits in normal behavior on such dimensions as affect, speech, and motivation. (Aren't there but should be)

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Disorganized symptoms

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Includes a variety of erratic behaviors that includes rambling speech, erratic behavior, and inappropriate affect.

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Psychotic behaviors, such as hallucinations and delusions characterise these disorders

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Schizophreniform disorder

Schizoaffective disorder

Delusional disorder

Brief psycotic disorder

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Schizophreniform Disorder

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Psycotic disorder involving the symptoms of schizophrenia, but lasting less than 6 months.

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Schizoaffective Disorder

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A psychotic disorder featuring symptoms of both schizophrenia and a major mood disorder.

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Delusional Disorder

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A psychotic disorder featuring a persistent belief contrary to reality (delusion) but no other symptoms of schizophrenia.

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Brief Psycotic Disorder

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Psychotic disturbance involving dellusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech or behavior, but lasting less than one month; often occurs in reaction to a stressor.

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Attenuated Pyschosis Syndrome

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Disorder involving the onset of psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, which put a person at risk for schizophrenia; designated for further study by the DSM-5.

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Alogia

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Deficiency in the amount or content of speech; a disturbance often seen in people with schizophrenia.

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Anhedonia

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Inability to experience pleasure, associated with some schizophrenic and mood disorders.

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Assocoative Splitting

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Separation amoung basic functions of human personality (eg. cognition, emotion, perception) that is seen by some as the defining characteristics of schizophrenia.

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Avolition

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Apathy or the inability to initiate or persist in important activities.

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Catatonia

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Disorder of movement involving immobility or excited agitation.

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Catatonic Immobility

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Disturbance of motor behavior in which the person remains motionless, sometimes in an awkward posture, for extended periods of time.

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Dementia Praecox

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Latin term meaning "premature loss of mind", an early label for what is now called Schizophrenia, emphasizing the disorders frequent appearance during adolescence.

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Delusion

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Psycotic symptom involving didorder of thought content and presence of strong beliefs that are misrepresentations of reality.

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Disorganized Speech

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Style of talking often seen in people with schizophrenia that involves incoherence and lack of typical logical patterns.

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Double Blind

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According to an obsolete, unsupported theory, the practice of transmitting conflicting messages that was thought to cause schizophrenia.

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Expressed Emotions

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The hostility, criticism and overinvolvement demonstrated by some families towards family members with a psychological disorder; this can often contribute to the person's relapse.

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Flat Affect

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Apparently emotionless demeanour ( including toneless speech, and vacant gaze) when a reaction would be expected.

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Folie à deux or Shared Psycotic Disorder

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Psychotic disturbance in which an individual develops a delusion similar to that of a person with whom he or she shares a close relationship.

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Hallucination

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Psychotic symptom of a perceptual disturbance in which things are seen or heard or otherwise sensed although they are not real or actually present.

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Hebephernia

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Silly or immature emotionality, a characteristic of some types of schizophrenia.

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Inappropriate Affect

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Emotional displays that are improper for the situation.

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Paranoia

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Person's irrational beliefs that he or she is especially important (delusions of granduer) or that other people are seeking to do him or her harm.

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Psychotic

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Term used to characterize many unusual behaviors, although in the strictest sense it usually involves delusions (irrational beliefs) and hallucinations (sensory experiences in the absence of external events).

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Psychotic disorder (most times associated with another medical condition or incidents)

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Condition that is characterized by hallucinations or delusions and that are a direct result of another psychological disorder, such as a stroke or a brain tumour.

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Schizoprenogenic

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According to an obsolete unsupported theory, a cold, dominating, and rejecting parent who was thought to cause schizophrenia in his or her offspring.

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Schizotypal Personality Disorder

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Cluster A ( odd or eccentric) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits featuring acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships, as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior.

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Substance- induced Psycotic Disorder

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Psychosis caused by ingestion of medications, psycoactive drugs, or toxins.

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Token Economy

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Social learning behavior modification system in which individuals earn items they can exchange for desired rewards by displaying appropriate behaviors.

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Extrapyamidal Side Effects (EPS/ EPSE's)

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Abnormal movements caused by imbalance in dopamine and acetylcholine

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How widespread is the affect of Schizophrenia?

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1 out of every 100 people

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Schizophrenia comes from what combo of greek words

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Skhizen= split Phren=mind

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Between ___ & __ % of people with schizophrenia experience hallucinations, dellusions, or both.

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50 & 70%

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Negative Symptoms include

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Avolition

Alogia

Anhedonia

Affective Flattening

Asociality

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Asociality

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The severe deficits in social relationships, such as having few friendships, little interest in socializing, and poor social skills shown by some people with schizophrenia.

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Disorganized Symptoms include:

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Disorganized speech

Inappropriate affect

Disorganized behaviour

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To recieve a diagnosis of schizophrenia

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A person must display 2 or more of the major symptoms (ie. Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly abnormal psychomotor behavior- including catatonia-or negative symptoms such as diminished emotional expression or avolition) for a significant portion of time for one month. Must include one of these- dellusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech.