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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

what type of joints are the skull sutures?

fibrous joints (synarthoses)

what forms the anterior cranial fossa?

frontal bone, ethmoid, lesser wing of sphenoid

what forms the middle cranial fossa?

sphenoid (greater wing and body), petrous part of temporal bone

what forms the posterior cranial fossa?

temporal, occipital bones

what does the pia mater form?

forms choroid plexus (produced CSF) together with ependymal cells

what passes through foramen spinosum?

middle meningeal artery

what passes through the foramen lacerum?

nothing. internal carotid is SUPERIOR to foramen lacerum (before carotid canal)

which is the middle meningeal artery a branch of?

maxillary artery, of external carotid artery

what travels via transverse foraminae?

verterbral arteries

which layers are the dural venous sinuses between?

periosteal and meningeal layers of dura

where does most blood from the brain drain?

internal jugular vein

where does an extradural/ epidural haemorrhage occur?

between dura and skull

what usually causes extra/epidural haemorrhage?

rupture of middle meningeal artery

what causes a subdural haemorrhage?

veins crossing subdural space burst

where does a subarachnoid haemorrhage occur?

between arachnoid and pia mata

where does CSF exit the ventricles?

roof of fourth ventricle into subarachnoid space (cisterna magna)

where is CSF reabsorbed?

arachnoid granulations into systemic veins eg. superior sagittal sinus

what is increase CSF in the young called?

hydrocephalus

what is the ganglion of the trigeminal branches?

semilunar/ gasserian ganglion

what supplies skin over the angle of the jaw?

C2

what is the mandibular nerve motor to?

muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor palatani, anterior belly of digastric

where does v1, v2, v3 enter the face?

V1 - supraorbital, supratrochlear


V2 - infraorbital


V3 - auriculotemporal, mental

how/ where does the facial artery end?

as angular artery at medial commisure of the eye

describe the course of the facial vein.

angular vein - anterior facial vein (also receives external palatine vein) - anterior retromandibular vein forming common facial vein / internal jugular vein

what is the clinical significance of the facial vein?

directly connects opthalmic vein then deep venous sinus within cavernous sinus

what is the function of zygomaticus?

raises corner's of mouth

what is the function of platysma?

draws mouth downwards

where does the facial nerve enter the face?

stylomastoid foramen

What are three main branches of the facial nerve?

1. facial nerve proper - facial expression, closes eye, BM


2. chorda tympani - salivation VM, tastes pie SS


3. greater petrosal nerve - nose/ palate glands, make you cry VM... all glands except parotid

apart from muscles of facial expression, what does the facial nerve branchial motor component supply?

posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius

what does the parotid gland contain?

terminal branches of CNVII, external carotid division into maxillary and superficial temporal

where is the parotid gland and what does it pierce?

on masseter, pierces buccinator

what is the cutaneous innervation to the front, back and sides of the scape?

front - supraorbital nerve Vi


back - greater occipital nerve C2


side - auricolotemporal nerve Viii, lesser occipital nerve c2

describe where the cranial nerves arise.

1-4 = anterior portion of brain


5 - 7= pons


8 - inner ear then goes to pons


9-12 - medulla oblongata

what is the difference between the optic nerve and optic tract?

nerve - fibres from respective side


tract - fibres from both sides

what passes through the optic foramen?

optic nerve, opthalmic foramen

what passes through the SOF?

3, 4, 5i, 6, opthalmic veins

what does cniii supply?

most extraocular muscles, levator palpabrae, superioris

describe the course of the oculomotor nerve.

between sup. cerebellar and post. cerebral artery - pierces dura mata - lateral wall cavernous sinus

what passes through IAM?

vii, viii, labyrinthine artery

what passes through the jugular foramen?

IX, X, XI, inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus

which two cranial nerves carry sensory information about blood pressure to the brain?

ix, x

what is the in anterior triangle of the neck?

cervical plexus, vagus, hypoglossal


interior jugular vein


anterior jugulat vein


ansa cervicalis


external carotid artery

what is in the posterior triangle of the neck?

accessory nerve


4 superficial cervical branches


external jugular vein

what are the contents of the anterior carotid sheath?

external carotid artery


internal jugular vein


vagus nerve

what are the contents of the posterior carotid sheath?

common carotid artery


vagus nerve


right recurrent laryngeal


left recurrent laryngeal