Sccc-Human Anatomy Final Exam (Part 3 Of 3)

Front 1

__ __ includes one motor nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by it.

Back 1

motor unit

Front 2

This type of contraction, called __, is one in which a muscle develops tension, but does not shorten.

Back 2

isometric

Front 3

The __ __ is the zone of sarcomere that becomes narrower during muscle contraction.

Back 3

I band

Front 4

The primary energy source for resting muscle is __ __.

Back 4

fatty acid

Front 5

__ skeletal muscle fibers are the type most susceptible to fatigue

Back 5

fast-twitch

Front 6

A single-unit smooth muscle is also termed _ muscle

Back 6

viceral

Front 7

__ is the oxygen storage pigment unique to muscle.

Back 7

myoglobin

Front 8

The __ __ is a serous membrane that extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver

Back 8

lesser omentum

Front 9

The starch-digesting enzymes of the saliva and pancreatic juice are called __.

Back 9

amylases

Front 10

Activities of different regions of the digestive track are coordinated with each other through the __ nerve plexus between the two layers of the muscularis externa.

Back 10

myenteric

Front 11

Pepsin is produced from a zymogen called __.

Back 11

pepsinogen

Front 12

The partially digested slurry that passes from the stomach into the small intestine is called __.

Back 12

chyme

Front 13

Each hepatic lobule consists of plates of epithelial cells radially arranged around a blood vessel called the __ __.

Back 13

central vein

Front 14

As a prelude to enzymatic digestion, dietary fat must be __ , or broken up into small droplets suspended int the chyme

Back 14

emulsified

Front 15

the duodenal hormone __ stimulates the liver and pancreas to secrete bicarbonate.

Back 15

secretin

Front 16

Dietary lipids are taken up by a lymphatic capillary called the __ in each villus of the small intestine

Back 16

lacteal

Front 17

The tissue __ constitutes most of the bulk of a tooth.

Back 17

dentin

Front 18

___ ___, which is a salivary enzyme, is activated in the stomach

Back 18

lingual lipase

Front 19

The stomach cells that secrete hydrochloric acid are the __ __.

Back 19

parietal cells

Front 20

the place where the digestive and respiratory tracts cross, the __, has superior, middle, and inferior constrictors.

Back 20

pharynx

Front 21

Nerve signals in the long reflexes of the digestive tract travel from the __ nerve.

Back 21

vagus

Front 22

The disaccharide __ is produced by starch digestion.

Back 22

maltrose

Front 23

Emulsified lipid droplets in the small intestine are scientifically termed ___.

Back 23

micelles

Front 24

A deficiency of blood glucose is called __.

Back 24

hypoglycemia

Front 25

There are ten amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and therefore must acquire from the diet. They are called the ___ amino acids.

Back 25

essential

Front 26

Lipoproteins that transport newly absorbed dietary fats in the lymph and blood are called ___.

Back 26

chylomicron

Front 27

If a dietary protein has all the essential amino acids in the proportions needed for human metabolism, it is called a/an __ protein.

Back 27

complete

Front 28

The metabolic reaction chain that splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid is called __.

Back 28

glycolysis

Front 29

The iron-containing enzymes of the mitochondrial cristae that participate in the electron transport system are called __.

Back 29

cytochromes

Front 30

When stored glycogen is needed for energy, it is hydrolyzed to glucose through a process called __.

Back 30

glycogenolysis

Front 31

When the stomach and small intestine are empty and the body is drawing on its stored energy reserves, it is in the __ state.

Back 31

postabsorptive

Front 32

A deficiency of blood glucose is termed __.

Back 32

hypoglycemia

Front 33

The dietary provitamin __ is converted to vitamin A

Back 33

carotene

Front 34

The major end product of glycolysis is __ __.

Back 34

pyruvic acid

Front 35

__ is transported to the liver in HDLs to be disposed of in the bile.

Back 35

cholesterol

Front 36

A lesion in the hunger center of the hypothalamus can cause the condition known as __.

Back 36

anorexia

Front 37

ATP synthase is located in the __ __.

Back 37

mitochondrial cristae

Front 38

__ is an appetite-suppressing hormone.

Back 38

cholecystokinin

Front 39

The major component of LDLs is __.

Back 39

cholesterol

Front 40

Sterility may result from uncorrected __, or undescended testes.

Back 40

cryptochidism

Front 41

Spermatozoa are produced in minute ducts called __ __.

Back 41

seminiferous tubules

Front 42

testosterone is secreted by __ cells of the testes.

Back 42

interstitial (Leydig)

Front 43

Until ejaculation, most sperm are stored in the __.

Back 43

epididymis

Front 44

About 30% of the semen is produced by the __, a medial gland that encloses part of the urethra

Back 44

prostate

Front 45

The blood-testis barrier is formed by tight junctions between the __ cells of the testis.

Back 45

sustentacular (Sertoli)

Front 46

Erection results largely from vasocongestion of the two __ __ on the dorsal side of the penis.

Back 46

corpora cavernosa

Front 47

A sperm penetrates an egg by means of enzymes from its ___.

Back 47

acrosome

Front 48

The first haploid cell produced in spermatogenesis is the __ __.

Back 48

secondary

Front 49

A fertilized egg is called ___.

Back 49

zygote

Front 50

The ___ muscle elevates or lowers the scrotum.

Back 50

cremaster

Front 51

Inhibin selectively suppresses the secretion of ___.

Back 51

FSH

Front 52

The embryonic structure called the __ __ is the precursor of the male reproductive tract.

Back 52

mesoephric duct

Front 53

The release of an egg from the ovary is called __.

Back 53

ovulation

Front 54

the constricted part of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina is called the ___

Back 54

cervix

Front 55

Attachment of the conceptus to the uterine wall is called___

Back 55

implantation

Front 56

__ is a hormone secreted by the ovary that selectively suppresses FSH secretion.

Back 56

inhibin

Front 57

A developing egg is ovulated, and may be fertilized, at the __ __ stage of oogenesis

Back 57

secondary oocyte

Front 58

Follicles and oocytes develop during a portion of the ovarian cycle called the __ phase.

Back 58

follicular

Front 59

An ovarian follicle is considered a secondary follicle when it develops a cavity called the ___

Back 59

antrum

Front 60

In the luteal phase, the ovaries secrete mainly __, which stimulates glycogen synthesis and mucus secretion in the uterus

Back 60

progesterone

Front 61

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a state of severe __ early in pregnancy

Back 61

vomiting

Front 62

Parturition is the process of __ __.

Back 62

giving birth

Front 63

Degeneration of ovarian follicles that never ovulate is termed __.

Back 63

atresia

Front 64

The __, a layer of the uterus, partially composes the mestrual fluid

Back 64

endometrium

Front 65

Vaginal spaces that surround the cervix are called ____.

Back 65

fornices

Front 66

the ususal site of fertilization is in the __ ___.

Back 66

uterine tube

Front 67

The __ __ is the source of prolactin and luteinizing hormones.

Back 67

anterior pituitary

Front 68

scientific term for childbirth is ____.

Back 68

parturition

Front 69

The first mammary secretion following childbirth that precedes milk is ___.

Back 69

colostrum

Front 70

The target cells for oxytocin are the __ __.

Back 70

myoepithelial cells

Front 71

A fertilized egg is called __ when the chromosomes of both parents have mingled to form a diploid set.

Back 71

zygote

Front 72

When the three primary germ layers have formed, an individual is at a stage of development called the ___.

Back 72

embryo

Front 73

For the first 8 weeks after ovulation, a conceptus depends primarily on ___ nutrition.

Back 73

trophoblastic

Front 74

A conceptus is anchored to the endometrium by rootlike outgrowths of the syncytiotrophoblast called ___ ___.

Back 74

chorionic villi

Front 75

Most fetal blood in the pulmonary trunk follows a shunt to the aorta called the __ __ instead of circulating through the lungs

Back 75

ductus arteriosus

Front 76

The normal head-down position of a full-term fetus is called the ___ position.

Back 76

vertex

Front 77

respiratory distress syndrome results from a deficiency of pulmonary __ in lungs of a premature infant.

Back 77

surfactant

Front 78

The normal head-down position of a full-term fetus is called the ___ position.

Back 78

congenital anomaly

Front 79

Degenerative change in an organ resulting from aging is called ___.

Back 79

senescence

Front 80

The enzyme ___ facilitates fertilization

Back 80

acrosin

Front 81

__ __ are the processes that prevent too many sperm from fertilizing one egg.

Back 81

fast and slow block

Front 82

The term __ describes the cells produced by cleavage of the zygote

Back 82

blastomere

Front 83

Any agent that causes anatomical birth defects is called __

Back 83

teratogen

Front 84

Failure of two homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis is called ___.

Back 84

nondisjunction

Front 85

The __ __ is the only organ system directly affected by photoaging

Back 85

integumentary system

Front 86

__ __ is characterized by visible networks of dilated blood capillaries, especially common on the face.

Back 86

rosacea

Front 87

"Caps" that stabilize the ends of each chromosome are known as ___.

Back 87

telomeres

Front 88

__ __ results from an XO condition in the zygote

Back 88

Turner syndrome

Front 89

Occurring in the female reproductive tract ___ is the process by which spermatozoa become capable of fertilizing an egg.

Back 89

capacitation