Scapa 6Th Grade Science Vocabulary - Organization Of Life

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Adaptation

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any variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment

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Stimulus

Back 2

an agent, action, or condition that elicits or accelerates a physiological or psychological activity or response

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Response

Back 3

a reaction, as that of an organism or a mechanism, to a specific stimulus

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Classification

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the systematic grouping of organisms into categories on the basis of evolutionary or structural relationships between them; taxonomy

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Dichotomous Key

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a key for the identification of organisms based on a series of choices between alternative characters

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Archaebacteria

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considered ancient life forms that evolved separately from bacteria and blue-green algae

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Eubacteria

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a large group of bacteria having rigid cell walls; motile types have flagella

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Protist

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any of a group of eukaryotic organisms belonging to the kingdom Protista, the protists include a variety of unicellular and multicellular organisms, such as the protozoans

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Fungus

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any of numerous eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Fungi, which lack chlorophyll and vascular tissue and range in form from a single cell to a body mass of branched filamentous hyphae that often produce specialized fruiting bodies, the kingdom includes the yeasts, molds, and mushrooms

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Plant

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any of various photosynthetic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms of the kingdom Plantae characteristically producing embryos, containing chloroplasts, having cellulose cell walls, and lacking the power of locomotion

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Animal

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a multicellular organism of the kingdom Animalia, differing from plants

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Archaea

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Bacteria that is part of the kingdom of single-celled organisms that lack a nucleau and contain some unusual compounds. Most live in extreme environments, such as hot springs.

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Eukarya

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organisms made up of cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles

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Bacteria

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domain of single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; The term also refers to organisms in the kingdom eubacteria

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Cell

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basic unit of structure and function in living things

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Tissue

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a group of similar cells acting together to perform one or more specific functions in the body. There are four basic types of tissue: muscle, nerve, epidermal, and connective.

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Organ

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in an organism structure made of two or more different tissues which has a specialized function; for example: the lungs

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Organ System

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group of organs that work together to do a specific job for an organism, such as the digestive system

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Organism

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a living thing

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Observation

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the act of noting and recording something, such as a phenomenon, with instruments

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Inference

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an explanation that is based on available evidence but is not a direct observation

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Kingdom

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second largest grouping in organism classification, as in the animal kingdom

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Phylum

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first division of organism classification below kingdom, as in Arthropoda

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Class

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division of organism classification below phylum and above order, as in the class Insecta (insects)

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Order

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division of organism classification below class and above family, as in Carnivora (mammals that feed on other animals)

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Family

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division of organism classification below order and above genus, as in Felidae (cats)

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Genus

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division of organism classification below family and aboce spevies, as in Felis (genus that includes house cats)

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Species

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group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring that in turn can produce more offspring; the most specific division of organism classification

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Unicellular

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made up of only one cell

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Multicellular

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made up of more than one cell

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Prokaryotic

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having cells that lack membrane-bound nuclei

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Eukaryotic

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having cells with 'goog' or membrane-bound nuclei

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Coccus

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a bacterium having a spherical or spheroidal shape

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Bacillus

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club shaped, reproductive structure in which club fungi produce spores

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Spirillum

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the genus Spirillum that has any of various aerobic bacteria and have an elongated spiral form and bearing a tuft of flagella

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Independent variable

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factor that affects the value of the dependent variable; in an experiment, you control the value of the independent variable

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Dependent variable

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factor whose value is the result you are testing

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Constant

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an experimental condition, factor, or quantity that does not vary or that is regarded as unchanging in specified circumstances

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Control

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factor in an experiment that is kept the same

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Cilia

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Short, thread-like structures that extend from the cell membrane of a ciliate and allow the organism to move quickly

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Pseudopod

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temporary cytoplasmic extensions used by some protests to move about and trap food

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Flagellum

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whip-like tails of many bacteria that help them move around in moist conditions

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Ascus

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saclike, spore producing structure of sac fungi

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Basidium

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club shaped, reporductive structure in which club fungi reproduce spores

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Sporangium

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round spore case of a zygot fungus

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Vascular

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a plant with tube-like structures that move minerals, water, and other substances throughout the plant

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Nonvascular

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a plant that absorbs water and other substances directly through its cell walls instead of through tubelike structures

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Gymnosperm

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vascular plants that do not flower, generally have needle-like or scale-like leaves, and produce seeds that are not protected by fruit: conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes

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Angiosperm

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flowering vascular plants that produce a fruit containing one or more seeds: monocots and dicots

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Invertebrate

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animal without a backbone

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Vertebrate

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animal with a backbone

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Endoskeleton

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supportive framework of bone and/or cartilage that provides an internal place for muscle attachment and protects a vertebrate's internal organs

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Exoskeleton

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thick, hard, outer covering that protects and supports arthropod bodies and provides places for muscles to attach