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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 types of neutralization of bacteria by antibodies
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block binding of microbe and infection of cell
block infection of adjacent cells, preventing the spread of infection block binding of toxin to cellular receptor |
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the mechanism for Ab-mediated phagocytosis
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opsonization of microbe by IgG, exposing Fc sites
binding to phagocyte Fc receptors signals activation of phagocyte phagocytosis of microbe killing of ingested microbe |
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aside from complement activation, 3 general ways in which antibodies control infections caused by extracellular bacteria
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neutralization of microbes and their toxins (prevent infection)
opsonization and phagocytosis of microbes (kill bugs) antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (kill infected cells) |
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mechanism for Ab-dependent killing of infected cells
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IgG coats surface antigen of infected cell
NK cell binds to antibody NK cell kills coated cell |
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which immunoglobulin is the best for complement activation?
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IgM
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mechanism for complement-mediated opsonization and phagocytosis of microbes
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C3b or C4b binds to microbe (opsonization)
recognition of bound C3b by phagocyte phagocytosis |
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3 general functions of complement
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opsonization and phagocytosis
osmotic lysis of microbes (via formation of MAC) inflammation (recruitment of leukocytes) |
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two complement proteins that function in the recruitment and activation of leukocytes
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C5a, C3a
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antibodies are only effective in the control of ___ bacteria
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extracellular
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purpose of innate immunity
purpose of adaptive immunity |
control of infection
eradication of infection |
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difference between professional APCs and other human cells
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APCs have MHC II that allows it to complex w/ the CD4 Th1 effector cells
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Th2 cytokines that inhibit microbicidal function of macrophages
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IL-10 and IL-4
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Th1 cytokines that activate macrophages; cell mediated immunity
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gamma IFN and TNF
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cytokine from macrophages that induces Th1 development
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IL-12
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cytokine from macrophages that induces Th2 development
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IL-4
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transcription factor that is produced in response to IFN-gamma that is essential for Th1 responses
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T-bet
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**transcription factor that is critical for Th2 differentiation
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GATA-3
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ligand that makes it possible for Th1 cells to activate macrophages and B cells
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CD40L
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cells activated by Th1 cells and cytokine that is involved in some part of the stimulation of each one
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macrophages (enhanced killing), B cells (antibodies produced), and neutrophils (inhanced killing)
IFN gamma |
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two mechanisms for CTL-mediated lysis of target cells because they are infected w/ a bug
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granule exocytosis (granzymes/perforin complexes, perforin allows entry to cell via endocytosis) leads to activation of caspases by granzymes and apoptosis of target cells
FasL-Fas (Fas is on target cell)mediated target cell apoptosis |
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What are the effector funcitons of Th2 cells once stimulated?
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IL-10 and 4 suppress macrophage activity
IL-5 activates eosinophils IL-4 - activates B-cells to make neutralizing IgG antibodies and IgE (deg. of mast cell can result) |
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Functions of complement
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1.Opsinization and phagocytosis (C3b binds to microbe so phagocytosis can occur)
2. Stimulation of inflammation (when C3b binds proteolysis of C5 to C5a occurs which recruits leukocytes) 3. Complement mediated lysis (MAC complex forms activated by C3b binding) |
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Mechanism of phagocytosis and killing of microbes
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1. Microbe binds
2. Taken into cell surronded by membrane and is called a phagosome 3. Phagosome can fuse w/ lysome which contains lysosomal enzymes to kill microbe or microbe can be killed by NO or ROS |
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Important Costimulatory molecules of APCs and Naive CD4 T cells?
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APC - B7
T-cell - CD28 |
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The transcritpion factor T-bet is produced in response to______and is essential for TH1 responses
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IFN gamma
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What part of the innate and adaptive immunity does our body protect us from infection of a virus?
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B-cells making antiboides (adaptive immunity)
Type I IFN (innate immunity) |
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What part of the innate and adaptive immunity does our body use to eradicate an established infection?
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NK cells - innate
CD8+ CTL - adaptive |
