Sanskrit Alphabet

Front 1

अ

Back 1

a
velar vowel, short
guṇa

Front 2

आ
(का)

Back 2

ā
(kā)
velar vowel, long
vṛddhi

Front 3

इ
(कि)

Back 3

i
(ki)
palatal vowel, short

Front 4

ई
(की)

Back 4

ī
(kī)
palatal vowel, long

Front 5

उ
(कु)

Back 5

u
(ku)
labial vowel, short

Front 6

ऊ
(कू)

Back 6

ū
(kū)
labial vowel, long

Front 7

ऋ
(कृ)

Back 7

ṛ
(kṛ)
retroflex vowel, short

Front 8

ॠ
(कॄ)

Back 8

ṝ
(kṝ)
retroflex vowel, long

Front 9

ऌ
(कॢ)

Back 9

ḷ
(kḷ)
dental vowel, short

Front 10

ए
(के)

Back 10

e
(ke)
velar-palatal vowel, long
guṇa (a/ā + i/ī)

Front 11

ओ
(को)

Back 11

o
(ko)
velar-labial vowel, long
guṇa (a/ā + u/ū)

Front 12

ऐ
(कै)

Back 12

ai
(kai)
velar-palatal vowel, long
vṛddhi (a/ā + e)

Front 13

औ
(कौ)

Back 13

au
(kau)
velar-labial vowel, long
vṛddhi (a/ā + o)

Front 14

अं

Back 14

aṃ
anusvāra, nasalization

Front 15

अः

Back 15

aḥ
visarga, aspiration

Front 16

क

Back 16

ka
velar sparśa, -V / -A

Front 17

ख

Back 17

kha
velar sparśa, -V / +A

Front 18

ग

Back 18

ga
velar sparśa, +V / -A

Front 19

घ

Back 19

gha
velar sparśa, +V / +A

Front 20

ङ

Back 20

ṅa
velar nasal

Front 21

च

Back 21

ca
palatal sparśa, -V / -A

Front 22

छ

Back 22

cha
palatal sparśa, -V / +A

Front 23

ज

Back 23

ja
palatal sparśa, +V / -A

Front 24

झ

Back 24

jha
palatal sparśa, +V / +A

Front 25

ञ

Back 25

ña
palatal nasal

Front 26

ट

Back 26

ṭa
retroflex sparśa, -V / -A

Front 27

ठ

Back 27

ṭha
retroflex sparśa, -V / +A

Front 28

ड

Back 28

ḍa
retroflex sparśa, +V / -A

Front 29

ढ

Back 29

ḍha
retroflex sparśa, +V / +A

Front 30

ण

Back 30

ṇa
retroflex nasal

Front 31

त

Back 31

ta
dental sparśa, -V / -A

Front 32

थ

Back 32

tha
dental sparśa, -V / +A

Front 33

द

Back 33

da
dental sparśa, +V / -A

Front 34

ध

Back 34

dha
dental sparśa, +V / +A

Front 35

न

Back 35

na
dental nasal

Front 36

प

Back 36

pa
labial sparśa, -V / -A

Front 37

फ

Back 37

pha
labial sparśa, -V / +A

Front 38

ब

Back 38

ba
labial sparśa, +V / -A

Front 39

भ

Back 39

bha
labial sparśa, +V / +A

Front 40

म

Back 40

ma
labial nasal

Front 41

य

Back 41

ya
semivowel, palatal (~ i/ī)

Front 42

र

Back 42

ra
semivowel, retroflex (~ ṛ/ṝ)

Front 43

ल

Back 43

la
semivowel, dental (~ ḷ)

Front 44

व

Back 44

va
semivowel, labial (~ u/ū)

Front 45

श

Back 45

śa
sibilant, palatal

Front 46

ष

Back 46

ṣa
sibilant, retroflex

Front 47

स

Back 47

sa
sibilant, dental

Front 48

ह

Back 48

ha
aspirate, +V / +A

Front 49

क्ष

Back 49

kṣa
consonant cluster

Front 50

ज्ञ

Back 50

jña
consonant cluster