Salon Fundamentals Ch. 15

Front 1

Dermatology

Back 1

Study of the skin, it's structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.

Front 2

The Skin and its pH

Back 2

Consists of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers. The average pH of skin is 4.5-5.5.
pH (potential hydrogen) is a unit of measurement that indicates whether a substance is acidic, neutral or alkaline.

Front 3

Epidermis

Back 3

The outermost layer of the skin; also referred to as cuticle or scarf skin.

Front 4

Dermis "True Skin"

Back 4

The underlying, or inner layer of the skin; also called the derma, corium, cutis or true skin; made up of connective tissues; the sweat (sudoriferous) glands, oil (sebaceous) glands, sensory nerve endings and receptors, blood vessels, arrector pili muscles and a major portion of each hair follicle are found in the dermis.

Front 5

Subcutaneous

Back 5

Fatty layer below the dermis of the skin; protective cushion for the skin; acts as a shock absorber to protect the bones and to help support the delicate structures such as blood vessels and nerve endings.

Front 6

Stratum Corneum

Back 6

The uppermost layer of the epidermis; the toughest layer, composed of keratin protein cells that are continually shed and continually replaced by new cells from below.

Front 7

Stratum Lucidum

Back 7

The layer of the epidermis just below the stratum corneum; it is the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, where there are no hair follicles.

Front 8

Stratum Granulosum

Back 8

The later of the epidermis below the stratum lucidum and above the stratum spinosum; in this layer the cells become more regularly shaped and look like many tiny granules.

Front 9

Stratum Spinosum

Back 9

The layer of the epidermis just above the stratum germinativum; sometimes considered part of the stratum germinativum; includes all cells that have absorbed melanin to distribute pigmentation to other cells.

Front 10

Stratum Germinativum

Back 10

The lowest level of the epidermis where mitosis or cell division takes place, begins with stratum basale, or basal cell layer, which is a single layer thick.

Front 11

Sudoriferous Glands

Back 11

Controlled by the nervous system of the body; each gland consists of a coiled base and tune-like duct opening on the surface of the skin to form sweat pore; control and regulate body temperatures; excrete waste products; help to maintain the acidic pH factor of the skin.

Front 12

Sebaceous Glands

Back 12

Oil glands; partially controlled by the nervous system; sac-like glands that are attached to hair follicles; result in oily skin when an over-abundance of sebum is produced by the glands.

Front 13

Tinea

Back 13

Medical term for ringworm; red, circular patch of small blisters; caused by a vegetable parasite.

Front 14

Hyperhidrosis

Back 14

An over production of perspiration caused by excessive heat or general body weakness; requires medical attention.

Front 15

Milia

Back 15

Also called whiteheads; caused by the accumulation of hardened sebum beneath the skin.

Front 16

Dermatitis

Back 16

An inflammatory disorder if the skin.

Front 17

Effleurage

Back 17

Light, gliding massage strokes or circular motions made with the palms of the hands or pads of the fingertips; often used to begin and/ or end a treatment; used on the face, neck, and arms.

Front 18

Petrissage

Back 18

Light or heavy kneading and rolling of the muscles; performed by kneading muscles between the the and fingers or by pressing the palm of the hand firmly over the muscles, then grasping and squeezing with the heel of the hand and fingers; generally performed from the front of the head to the back; used on the face, arms, shoulders, and upper back.

Front 19

Tapotement

Back 19

Also called percussion or hacking; light tapping or slapping movement applied with the fingers or partly flexed fingers; used in the arms, back and shoulders.

Front 20

Friction

Back 20

Circular or wringing movement with no gliding used in the scalp or with a facial when less pressure is desired; applied with the fingertips or palms; a way in which he hair cuticle can be damaged by combing and brushing.

Front 21

Vibration

Back 21

Shaking movement; your arms shake as you touch the client with your fingertips or palms.

Front 22

Antiseptic

Back 22

Liquid or foam-based products used to reduce bacteria, viruses, and fungus on the skin.

Front 23

Astringement

Back 23

A substance that is a chemical compound that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues, usually locally after topical medicinal application.