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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Hellbenders and Giant Salamanders (Family)

Cryptobranchidae


2 genera; 3 species


external fertilization


paedomorphic


largest extant salamanders


Range: eastern NA and Asia

Eastern Hellbender

Cryptobranchus alleganiensis

Cryptobranchus alleganiensis



Asian Salamanders (Family)

Hynobiidae


9 genera; 59 species


external fertilization


10-25 cm in length


Range: Asia

Sirens (Family)

Sirenidae


2 genera; 4 species


external fertilization


paedomorphic


long slender bodies, reduced forelimbs, no back limbs


external gills, keratinized beak, non-pedicellate teeth


Range: Eastern NA

Newts (Family)

Salamandridae


21 genera; 107 species


internal fertilization


variety of life history strategies (some give birth to live young)


many species produce neurotoxic secretions


Range: Western and eastern NA, Europe, Asia, Africa

Red-spotted Newt

Notophthalmus viridescens

Notophthalmus viridescens


Range: throughout Ohio

Mole Salamanders (Family)

Ambystomatidae


1 genus; 32 species


Internal fertilization


Stout-bodied with large heads


Many species spend most of their lives underground


Some are paedomorphic


Axolotls are permanently aquatic


Most have biphasic life cycles


Range: Most of NA

Streamside Salamander (no pic)

Ambystoma barbouri

Ambystoma barbouri


Breed in headwater streams; lays single eggs under rocks


Range: S.W. Ohio

Jefferson Salamander

Ambystoma jeffersonianum

Ambystoma jeffersonianum


Long fourth toe on back foot


Breed in vernal pools in early spring


Range: S to NE Ohio

Blue-spotted Salamander

Ambystoma laterale

Ambystoma laterale


Breed in vernal pools in spring


Range: NW Ohio

Spotted Salamander

Ambystoma maculatum

Ambystoma maculatum


Breed in early spring at vernal pools


Egg masses are attached to twigs and submerged material


Range: throughout Ohio

Marbled Salamander

Ambystoma opacum

Ambystoma opacum


Breeds in fall-winter


Females guard eggs till rains come


Range: S and NE Ohio

Small-mouthed Salamander

Ambystoma texanum

Ambystoma texanum


Breeds in vernal pools in early spring


Egg masses tend to be smaller than Spotted and Jefferson egg masses

Eastern Tiger Salamander

Ambystoma tigrinum

Ambystoma tigrinum


Largest ambystomatid in Ohio


Light colored lower lip


Range: Random

Pacific Giant Salamanders (Family)

Dicamptodontidae

Dicamptodontidae


1 genus; 4 species


Internal fertilization


Largest terrestrial salamanders (up to 35 cm)


Range: West NA

Mudpuppies and Olms (Family)

Proteidae


2 genera; 6 species


Internal fertilization


Paedomorphic


Lack maxillary bones and have two pairs of larval gill slits


Range: East NA and Europe

Common Mudpuppy

Necturus maculosus

Necturus maculosus


External gills


Four toes on hind feet


Live in rivers & streams with rocky bottoms


Juveniles- reddish external gills, two yellow stripes on back, and yellow speckles

Torrent Salamanders (Family)

Rhyacotritonidae


1 genus; 4 species


Internal fertilization


Squared-off gland posterior to the vent in adult males


Respire through skin but adults have vestigial lungs


Range: West NA

Amphiumas (Family)

Amphiumidae

Amphiumidae


1 genus; 3 species


Internal fertilization


Up to 1.1 m long


Reduced limbs


Range: East NA


Eggs are laid in strands under logs


Females guard eggs

Lungless Salamanders (Family)


66% of all salamanders

Plethodontidae

Plethodontidae


27 genera; 443 species


Internal fertilization


Lungless


Nasolabial groove


Range: E & W NA, SA, Europe, and Asia

Green Salamanders

Aneides aeneus

Aneides aeneus


Squared toes


Direct development


Range: South point of Ohio

Northern Dusky Salamander

Desmognathus fuscus

Desmognathus fuscus


Neck wider than head


White line from corner of eye to jaw


Keeled tail


Range: E and S Ohio

Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamander

Desmognathus ochrophaeus

Desmognathus ochrophaeus


Neck wider than head


White line from corner of eye to jaw


Round tail


Range: NE corner of Ohio

Northern Two-lined Salamander

Eurycea bislineata

Eurycea bislineata


Found along streams


Eggs laid under rock


Range: NE Ohio

Southern Two-lined Salamander

Eurycea cirrigera

Eurycea cirrigera


Found along streams


Breed in spring


Range: South Ohio

Long-tailed Salamander

Eurycea longicauda

Eurycea longicauda


Tail longer than body


Aquatic larvae


Range: NE and S Ohio

Cave Salamander

Eurycea lucifuga

Eurycea lucifuga


Found near caves and limestone outcrops


Breed in summer and fall


Aquatic larvae


Range: SW corner of Ohio

Spring Salamander

Gyrinophilus porphyriticus

Gyrinophilus porphyriticus


Canthus rostralis- light line running from eye to nostril


Stream-type larvae


Range: SE Ohio

Four-toed Salamander

Hemidactylium scutatum

Hemidactylium scutatum


Four toes on hind feet


Constriction at the base of tail


May drop tail


Pond-type larvae


Range: throughout Ohio

Eastern Red-backed Salamander

Plethodon cinereus

Plethodon cinereus

Northern Ravine Salamander

Plethodon electromorphus

Plethodon electromorphus

Northern Slimy Salamander

Plethodon glutinosus

Plethodon glutinosus

Mud Salamander

Pseudotriton montanus

Pseudotriton montanus

Red Salamander

Pseudotriton ruber

Pseudotriton ruber