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84 Cards in this Set
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Select the example of an exogenous pigment: a. argentaffin b. melanin c. chromaffin d. carbon |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Carbon, or anthracotic pigment, is an exogenous pigment, that is, it is introduced into the body by inhalation. |
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Formalin pigment can be removed from tissue sections by treatment with: a. 10% hydrochloric acid in 70% alcohol b. 10% nitric acid in 70% alcohol c. 10% sulfuric acid in 70% alcohol d. 10% ammonium hydroxide in 70% alcohol |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Formalin pigment can be removed from tissue sections by treatment with 10% ammonium hydroxide in 70% alcohol for 10 minutes |
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This pigment is birefringent in tissue and therefore can be polarized: a. formalin b. bile c. lipofuchsin d. melanin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Formalin pigment is a dark crystalline substance that can be polarized. |
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Prior to tissue processing, pigment caused by chromate-containing fixatives can be prevented by: a. washing tissue in water b. buffering the fixative solution c. iodine treatment of sections d. picric acid bath |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Chrome deposits can be prevented by washing tissue in running tap water prior to dehydration. |
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Hemosiderin can be removed from tissue sections by treating them with:
a. Lugol's iodine b. 10% hydrogen peroxide c. 10% sulfuric acid d. 10% acetic acid |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Hemosiderin can be removed from tissue sections by treating them with 10% sulfuric acid. |
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Hemosiderin is thought to be composed of ferric iron and: a. protein b. collagen c. chromatin d. fatty acids |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Hemosiderin, a breakdown product of hemoglobin, is thought to be composed of ferric iron and protein. |
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Small amounts of ferric iron are normally found in the: a. liver b. lung c. spleen d. kidney |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Ferric iron is normally found in small amounts in the spleen. Various pathologic conditions will cause it to accumulate in other organs. |
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The acid used in the Prussian blue reaction is: a. acetic acid b. hydrochloric acid c. nitric acid d. sulfuricacid |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Dilute hydrochloric acid is used to liberate loosely bound ferric iron from protein. Potassium ferrocyanide reacts with this liberated ferric iron to produce ferric ferrocyanide or, Prussian blue |
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In the group known as hematogenous pigments, this pigment is the only one present in normal tissue (red blood cells): a. hemoglobin b. hemosiderin c. hematoidin d. hemozoin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." The only pigment that is normally found in red blood cells is hemoglobin. |
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The pigment that is formed following a reaction of ferrous ions with potassium ferricyanide is known as: a. Prussian blue b. alizarin red c. Turnbull's bull d. Nile red |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Turnbull's blue is formed following the reaction of ferrous ions with potassium ferricyanide. |
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A method that will stain hemoglobin emerald green is the: a. Gomori b. Dunn-Thompson c. Okajima d. Fontana-Masson |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." The Dunn-Thompson method uses alum hematoxylin and a van Gieson solution to color hemoglobin dark green. |
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Stein's and Hall's techniques are based on the conversion of bile pigment to: a. porphyrins b. biliverdin c. hemoglobin d. aposiderin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Biliverdin is a green pigment that is produced following oxidation of bile pigment with iodine in Stein's stain and with Fouchet's reagent in Hall's technique. |
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The pigment commonly known as "wear and tear pigment" or "brown atrophy" is: a. hemofuchsin b. ceroid c. lipofuchsin d. hemosiderin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Lipofuchsin is sometimes called "wear and tear pigment" because it accumulates in certain cells with aging or "brown atrophy" because the tissues affected are grossly shrunken and brown. |
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When excessive melanin deposition interferes with examination of cellular morphology, melanin pigment can be removed by bleaching with: a. sodium thiosulfate b. hydroquinone c. potassium permanganate d. ammoniacal silver |
When excessive melanin deposition interferes with examination of cellular morphology, melanin pigment can be removed by bleaching with: a. sodium thiosulfate b. hydroquinone c. potassium permanganate d. ammoniacal silver |
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Because melanin can bind and reduce silver without the use of a separate reducing agent it is said to be: a. amphoteric b. argentaffin c. argyrophilic d. achromatic |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Substances, such as melanin, which have the ability to bind and reduce silver without the use of a separate reducing agent are said to be argentaffin. |
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The recommended fixative for demonstrating hemoglobin with the Dunn-Thompson stain is: a. Carnoy's b. neutral buffered formalin c. Bouin's d. absolute alcohol |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Fixation in neutral buffered formalin is recommended for successful demonstration of hemoglobin with the Dunn-Thompson stain. |
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The term "argentaffin" literally refers to a reaction wherein cells have the ability to reduce a salt of this metal: a. chromium b. lithium c. copper d. silver |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Argentaffin means possessing the ability to reduce silver without the aid of light or a reducing agent. |
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Argentaffin procedures include which of the following: a. Grimelius and Sevier-Munger b. Churukian-Schenk and Bodian protargol c. Fontana-Masson and Gomori-Burtner d. Pascual and Gros-Schultze |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." The Fontana-Masson and Gomori-Burtner are argentaffin procedures. The other procedures listed are argyrophil stains. |
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The Gomori-Grocott methenamine silver (CMS) method is widely used to demonstrate fungi. Although not a conventional method, it will also demonstrate: a. melanin b. argyrophilic cells c. ferric iron d. hemoglobin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." The CMS procedure stains melanin black. |
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Tumors of the adrenal medulla are called pheochromocytomas and to affect their demonstration should be fixed in: a. 95% alcohol b. Orth's fluid c. B-5 solution d. 10% buffered formalin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Tumors of the adrenal medulla should be fixed in Orth's fluid or another fixative that contains potassium dichromate. |
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Chromaffin can be demonstrated by Schmorl's method for reducing substances. Schmorl's staining solution contains ferric chloride and: a. potassium dichromate b. potassim iodide c. potassim ferricyanide d. potassium ferrocyanide |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Schmorl's staining solution contains ferric chloride and potassium ferricyanide. |
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Schmorl's method for reducing substances will stain chromaffin, lipofuchsin, and melanin: a. blue b. red c. black d. brown |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Schmorl's method for reducing substances will stain chromaffin, lipofuchsin, and melanin, blue. |
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In Hall's method, Fouchet's reagent is used to demonstrate: a. copper b. bile c. lipofuchsin d. melanin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Fouchet's reagent converts bile pigment to green biliverdin. |
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When staining for calcium with alizarin red S, tissue sections are deparaffmized and taken to: a. distilled water b. 25% alcohol c. 95% alcohol d. 1% acetic acid |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." When staining for calcium with alizarin red S, slides are taken to 95% alcohol and then placed in staining solution. If the slides are allowed to remain in any of the other solutions, there will be a loss of some or all calcium. |
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A technique for demonstrating calcium, wherein sections immersed in silver nitrate solution are exposed to bright light, is the: a. Schmorl b. von Kossa c. dopaoxidase d. alizarin red S |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." The von Kossa technique for demonstrating calcium involves replacement of the anionic part of calcium salts with silver. Silver is made > visible following reduction by exposure to bright light. |
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A calcium salt that can be polarized because of its birefringence is: a. calcium oxalate b. calcium carbonate c. calcium phosphate d. calcium sulfate |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Calcium oxalate can be polarized. The other calcium salts are not birefringent and will not polarize. |
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The staining method considered to be most sensitive and specific for copper is the: a. chloranilic acid b. rhodanine c. orcein d. aldehyde fuchsin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Lindquest's rhodanine method is considered to be the most sensitive and specific one for copper. |
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Hematoxylin used as a counterstain in the rhodanine copper procedure is: a. Mayer or Lillie-Mayer b. Harris c. Weigert d. Delafield |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." When counterstaining the rhodanine copper stain, Mayer or Lillie-Mayer hematoxylin should be used. Harris hematoxylin can also be used if it is diluted with equal parts of distilled water. Care must be taken not to over counterstain because this will "mask" the red stained copper. |
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This exogenous pigment is insoluble in concentrated sulfuric acid: a. silica b. carbon c. asbestos d. silver |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Carbon is insoluble in concentrated sulfuric acid and all other acids and alkaline solutions. |
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A pigment occurring in plasmodium parasites that is closely related to formalin pigment is: a. hemoglobin b. melanin c. malarial d. lipofuchsin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Malarial pigment is similar to formalin pigment. When present, it is seen in small capillaries of the brain, heart, placenta, and other organs. |
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The pH considered by some as optimal for demonstrating hemosiderin with the Prussian blue reaction is: a. 1.0 b. 1.5 c. 2.0 d. 2.5 |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." According to Lillie, the optimal pH for the Prussian blue reaction appears to be 1.5. This pH will be obtained by using equal parts of 4% hydrochloric acid and 2% potassium ferrocyanide when preparing the staining solution. |
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Hemosiderin-laden macrophages present in the alveolar spaces of the lung can be distinguished from other pigmented macrophages by staining with: a. Prussian blue b. Fouchet reagent c. silver nitrate d. azocarmine B |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Hemosiderin-laden macrophages containing ferric ions combine with acid solutions of ferrocyanide to give ferric ferrocyanide, a bright blue pigment known as Prussian blue. |
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The Ralph and Lepehne methods for demonstrating hemoglobin are based on the presence of this substance in red cells: a. phospholipid b. iron c. peroxidase d. porphyrins |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." The Ralph and Lepehne methods are based on the reaction of peroxidases in hemoglobin with hydrogen peroxide, followed by oxidation of benzidine to a colored end product. |
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Okajima's stain is based on the affinity of hemoglobin for: a. Sudan black B b. silver nitrate c. potassium ferrocyanide d. alizarin red S |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Hemoglobin has an affinity for alizarin red S, the primary dye in Okajima's stain. |
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Argentaffin cells are also known as: a. Kupffer cells b. Grimelius cells c. Paneth cells d. Kulchitsky cells |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Argentaffin cells are also known as Kulchitsky cells. |
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A rapid bile identification technique that involves destruction of tissue sections by acid is the: a. Gmelin test b. Ralph method c. Hall technique d. Gomori reaction |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." In Gmelin's test for bile, a coverslip is placed over deparaffinized and hydrated sections; nitric acid is allowed to diffuse beneath the coverslip, destroying the tissue. The presence of bile pigment is indicated by color changes from yellow to green to blue to purple-red. This method is somewhat unreliable and should be repeated several times to confirm the results. |
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Argentaffin procedures can be made more specific for melanin by first oxidizing non-melanin reducing substances using: a. sodium thiosulfate b. ammoniacal silver c. hydroquinone d. iodine |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Iodine is a mild oxidizing agent that will eliminate the reducing activity of some non-melanin reducing substances present in tissues, making the subsequent argentaffin reaction more specific for melanin. |
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The presence of melanin can be demonstrated with Turnbull's blue reaction following reduction of ferric ions to ferrous ions by melanin in this procedure: a. Schmorl b. Grimelius c. Sevier-Munger d. Gmelin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Schmorl's ferric ferricyanide reduction test uses Turnbull's blue reaction to demonstrate sites of reducing activity in tissue sections. Melanin, among other substances, reduces ferric ions present in the staining solution to ferrous ions, which then combine with ferricyanide, resulting in Turnbull's blue. |
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In Laidlaw's Dopa oxidase method, melanin is this color: a. black b. blue c. yellow-brown d. green |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." In Laidlaw's Dopa oxidase method, melanin maintains a yellow-brown color. By this method melanocytes stain grey to black and tyrosinase activity, a brownish-black |
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A brown, iron-free pigment found in association with hemochromatosis, that stains with oil-soluble dyes in frozen sections, is: a. hemofuchsin b. melanin c. hematin d. bilirubin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Hemofuchsin is a lipofuchsin that can be stained with oil-soluble dyes in frozen sections and with basic fuchsin in paraffin-embedded tissue. It can be found in tissues of patients with hemochromatosis in association with hemosiderin. |
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A black pigment, often found in the lungs and hilar lymph nodes, that is insoluble, cannot be bleached, and cannot be identified by typical chemical reactions for pigments, is most likely: a. hemosiderin b. melanin c. lipofuchsin d. anthracotic |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." The characteristics listed in the question describe anthracotic pigment which results from the deposition of coal dust and carbon in the lungs and associated lymph nodes. It is present to some degree in the lungs of most urban dwellers and smokers. |
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The process by which mineral content of tissues can be studied following removal of organic tissue components is called: a. microincineration b. enzyme histochemistry c. in-situ hybridization d. autoradiography |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Ash remaining after microincineration of tissue sections is examined microscopically or chemically to determine the mineral content. |
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Because of their lipid content, these pigments can be stained with Sudan black B and carbol fuchsin: a. bilirubins b. hemoglobins c. lipofuchsins d. melanins |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Because of their lipid content, some lipofuchsins can be stained with Sudan black B and carbol fuchsin in a modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain. |
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Lipofuchsin, a fine yellow-brown granular pigment, is commonly seen in liver, heart muscle, ganglion cells and: a. spleen b. lungs c. stomach d. adrenals |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Lipofuchsin is commonly seen in the liver, heart muscle, ganglion cells, and adrenals. It represents the indigestible, lipid-containing remains of autophagic vacuoles formed during cellular aging or atrophy and is formed in long-lived metabolically active, but not mitotically active, cells. |
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Chromaffm cells of the adrenal gland are located in the: a. zona glomerulosa b. zona reticularis c. zona fasciculata d. medulla |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Chromaffm cells are found in the adrenal medulla. These cells have an affinity for chromium salts with which they can be stained. |
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A birefringent reaction product is produced following staining of calcium deposits with: a. Schmorl b. von Kossa c. dopa oxidase d. alizarin red S |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Calcium deposits are stained orange-red with alizarin red S and are birefringent. |
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The method of choice for demonstrating calcium oxalate is the: a. Pizzolato b. von Kossa c. Schmorl d. Rubeanic acid |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Pizzolato's method is preferred for demonstration of calcium oxalate. Von Kossa's silver nitrate technique gives a negative or variable reaction. |
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Pseudocalcification can result from the use of this calcium salt in formalin: a. calcium chloride b. calcium carbonate c. calcium nitrate d. calcium sulfate |
HE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." The presence of calcium carbonate in formalin can cause pseudocalcification of tissues. Another calcium salt that may cause this condition is calcium acetate. |
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A liver biopsy from a patient with suspected Wilson's disease shows cirrhosis. A rubeanic acid stain could be used to confirm the presence of this substance in the specimen: a. bile b. copper c. lipofuchsin d. hematoidin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." In patients with Wilson's disease, a slow accumulation of copper in the liver (which can be demonstrated with rubeanic acid) results in cirrhosis. |
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A pigment that may be present in the portal area of the liver in association with primary biliary cirrhosis is: a. lipofuchsin b. calcium c. hemofuchsin d. copper |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Copper is often present in the portal area of the liver in cases of primary biliary cirrhosis. |
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In lung tissue, coated asbestos fibers can be made more visible by staining with: a. Schiff reagent b. silver nitrate c. Prussian blue d. aldehyde fuchsin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Inhaled asbestos fibers become coated with a complex containing hemosiderin which can be demonstrated with the Prussian blue reaction. |
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A tumor that is thought to be associated with asbestos exposure is: a. dysgerminoma b. hepatocellular carcinoma c. hypemephroma d. mesothelioma |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Mesotheliomas are tumors of the serous membranes (peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura) and are often related to asbestos exposure. |
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Polarization of this material will produce a "Maltese cross" configuration in tissue: a. calcium oxalate b. uric acid c. talcum powder d. lipofuchsin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." A "Maltese cross" configuration will be seen when talcum powder is polarized. |
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A staining method used for demonstrating acid-fast bacteria, that will also demonstrate talcum powder, is the: a. Fite b. Kinyoun c. Ziehl-Neelsen d. Truant |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Talcum powder has an affinity for the dyes auramine O and rhodamine B in Truant's staining solution, and will fluoresce yellow when viewed with a fluorescence microscope. |
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A staining method for demonstrating argyrophil cells that uses a pH 4.2 buffer is the: a. Grimelius b. Sevier-Munger c. Pascual d. Churukian-Schenk |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." The Churukian-Schenk method for argyrophil cells requires a buffer with a pH of 4.2. The Grimelius method uses a buffer with a pH of 5.6. The other methods do not require a buffer. |
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Sodium or potassium rhodizonate is usually used to detect the presence of: a. silver b. copper c. lead d. calcium |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Sodium or potassium rhodizonate stains lead dark brown. However, it will also stain calcium red-brown, silver black, and at pH 2.8, lead a scarlet-red. |
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Gold can be demonstrated by treating tissue sections with: a. silver nitrate b. copper sulfate c. stannous chloride d. lead nitrate |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Stannous chloride is used to detect the presence of gold by producing the purple of Cassius. |
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Zincon may be used to detect the presence of cobalt, magnesium, zinc, and: a. lead b. mercury c. antimony d. copper |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." In addition to the other metals stated in this question, zincon may be used to detect the presence of copper. |
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The dye used in Lison's method for hemoglobin is: a. patent blue V b. methylene blue c. Nile blue sulfate d. sky blue |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." In Lison's method, patent blue V is reacted with metallic zinc to form leucopatent blue which reacts with hemoglobin to form a blue-green color. |
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Included in the hematogenous pigments are hemosiderin, hematoidin, bilirubin, malarial, hemofuchsin, and: a. lipofuchsin b. ceroid c. porphyrin d. melanin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Porphyrin is considered to be a hematogenous pigment. |
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A pigment that will fluoresce deep red to orange when exposed to ultraviolet light is: a. bile b. porphyrin c. hemofuchsin d. melanin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Porphyrin pigment will fluoresce deep red to orange when exposed to ultraviolet light. |
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This dye will stain hemoglobin casts dark blue to blue-black in Puchtler's method for hemoglobin: a. Sudan black B b. Victoria blue B c. nigrosin d. buffalo black NBR |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Hemoglobin casts will stain blue-black in Puchtler's tannic acid-phosphomolybdic acid-buffalo black NBR method. |
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A combined staining method that will result in differential staining of hemoglobin and hemosiderin is the: a. Lillie b. Gomori c. Puchtler d. Schmor |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Puchtler's combined method will stain hemoglobin red and hemosiderin dark blue to dark green. |
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A granular yellow-brown pigment is seen on H&E in a section of colon. In addition to a stain for ferric iron, this stain should also be performed to identify the pigment: a. PAS b. Churukian-Schenk c. Grimelius d. Fontana-Masson |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." The presence of a yellow-brown pigment in the colon is suggestive of melanosis coli. This pigment will stain black with the Fontana-Masson silver method or dark blue with Schmorl's method. |
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Pigments in this organ are considered to be some of the most difficult to differentiate on routine staining: a. lung b. liver c. spleen d. kidney |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Many pigments can occur in the liver such as ferric iron, ceroid, hemofuchsin, and lipofuchsin. On H&E, all of these pigments have a similar appearance. |
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One of the dyes used in Mallory's method for hemofuchsin is: a. acid fuchsin b. basic fuchsin c. Schiff s leucofuchsin d. picro fuchsin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." The dye, basic fuchsin, is used to stain hemofuchsin in Mallory's method. |
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Melanins are insoluble in water, alcohol, dilute acids, alkalies, and: a. hydrogen peroxide b. chromic acid c. potassium permanganate d. acetone |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Melanins are resistant to fat solvents such as acetone but are soluble, to varying degrees, with hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, and chromic acid. |
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A common cause of hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the lungs of elderly patients is: a. emphysema b. cardiac failure c. atelectasis d. smoking |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the lung are sometimes known as heart failure cells because they are present as a result of failure of the left side of the heart to pump blood from the pulmonary vasculature. |
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A disorder involving excess iron deposition in tissues, with resultant tissue damage, is known as: a. hemosiderosis b. hemoglobinemia c. hemophilia d. hemochromatosis |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Hemochromatosis is a disorder of iron metabolism that results in excess deposition of iron in organs, particularly the liver and pancreas, with resultant fibrosis. |
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Morphologic features of a neoplasm suggest a diagnosis of malignant melanoma, however, the tumor cells lack visible melanin pigment. The method of choice for demonstrating melanin-producing potential is: a. Schmorl's reduction test b. Fontana-Masson c. ferrous-ion uptake d. dopa oxidase |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." The dopa oxidase reaction will demonstrate the enzyme tyrosinase which is present in cells that are capable of producing melanin. |
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A monoclonal antibody that has good specificity for demonstrating amelanotic melanomas is: a. HMB-45 b. S-100 c. Factor VIE d. calcitonin |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." A high percentage of amelanotic melanomas can be identified with the monoclonal antibody HMB-45. |
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Melanosis coli is a condition characterized by abnormal deposits of pigment in the: a. larynx b. esophagus c. colon d. pancreas |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Melanosis coli is a condition characterized by coarse granular pigments contained in large phagocytic cells found in the stroma of colonic mucosa. |
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The presence of melanin precursors can be detected in unstained formalin-fixed sections using: a. fluorescent microscopy b. light microscopy c. electron microscopy d. polarization microscopy |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Melanin precursor cells demonstrate yellow fluorescence following fixation in formalin, a phenomenon known as formalin-induced fluorescence. |
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A heterogenous group of yellow-brown pigments, often found in cardiac muscle and liver cells and in increasing amounts with age or debilitated states, is known as: a. porphyrins b. hemoglobins c. lipofuchsins d. melanins |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Lipofuchsins are a heterogenous group of pigments that are thought to represent indigestible cellular breakdown products formed within cells during aging. |
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A method used to quantify the number of ferruginous bodies present in wet lung tissue is to digest the specimen using: a. hydrogen peroxide b. household bleach c. potassium permanganate d. picric acid |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Household bleach can be used to digest a measured quantity of lung tissue with subsequent membrane filtration of the sediment. The prepared slide can then be examined microscopically to count the number of ferruginous bodies per gram of tissue digested. |
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Tumors derived from argentaffin cells are called: a. adenomas b. apudomas c. carcinomas d. sarcomas |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Tumors derived from argentaffin cells are called argentaffmomas, or apudomas. They are tumors of the APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) system. These cells have the potential to produce some type of polypeptide hormone and/or biogenic amine. |
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An increase of this metal has been reported to occur in Alzheimer's disease: a. iron b. aluminum c. copper d. calcium |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "B." Increased amounts of aluminum have been reported in Alzheimer's disease. |
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Formalin used for demonstrating arsenic in tissues must contain: a. copper acetate b. sodium acetate c. mercuric chloride d. potassium dichromate |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Arsenic in tissues will react with copper acetate to form green cupric acetoarsenate. |
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In a suspected case of dermatopathic lymphadenitis, this stain is most helpful in confirming the diagnosis: a. melanin b. copper c. ferric iron d. ferrous iron |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Dermatopathic lymphadenitis is a nonspecific chronic lymphadenitis that occurs in lymph nodes draining the sites of chronic dermatologic diseases. A characteristic of this disease is an accumulation of melanin and lipid within the phagocytic cells of the lymph nodes. The Luna or Fpntana-Masson silver methods for melanin would be helpful to confirm the diagnosis. |
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This pigment will stain black with cresyl fast violet, brown with potassium dichromate, and will fluoresce golden-brown under UV light: a. lipofuchsin b. hemofuchsin c. hemosiderin d. ceroid |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Ceroid occurs as yellow globules in liver cells but most often in large phagocytes of the liver. It will stain black with cresyl fast violet, brown with potassium dichromate, and will fluoresce golden-brown with UV light. |
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Of the following, the substance most likely to be seen in association with anthracosis is: a. ceroid b. lipofuchsin c. alkapton d. silica |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Silica is sometimes seen in association with anthracosis. |
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An anisotrophic crystalline contaminant is seen in a section of human lung. This artifact is most likely to have resulted from a salt of: a. lead b. calcium c. iron d. barium |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "D." Barium salts of the type used in solutions employed in radiology are anisotrophic and can be polarized. |
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Sections of lung stained with CMS and PAS show positive staining of what appear to be cryptococcus organisms. However, the same oval-shaped bodies are seen in non- granulomatous areas and on edges of the tissue. In all probability this "positive" staining material is: a. calcium b. ceroid c. talcum powder d. asbestos |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "C." Talcum powder is both CMS and PAS positive, and is seen in tissues that have been handled with powdered gloves. |
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Diastase of malt is sometimes seen as an artifact and: a. gives positive CMS and PAS reactions b. gives positive CMS and negative PAS reactions c. gives negative GMS and positive PAS reactions d. cannot be stained |
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "A." Diastase of malt contains insoluble starch granules which contain polysaccharides that, when converted to aldehydes after oxidation with periodic acid and chromic acid, react with Schiff s solution (PAS stain) and methenamine silver (GMS stain) to give a positive reaction. |
