S2M3 Physiology Wright Female Sex Fertilization And Pregnancy

Front 1

What are the 4 phages of the female sex act?
-Nervous system involved in each?

Back 1

1.) excitement: PNS
2.) plateau: PNS
3.) Orgasm: Both
4.) Resolution: SNS

Front 2

During this phase, erectile tissue becomes engored in blood and uterus stands more vertically; inner end of vagina dilates.

Back 2

Excitement phase

Front 3

During this phase, vagina maintains the lubricated state.

Back 3

Plateau phase

Front 4

During this phase, uterus and cervix contract rhythmically and uterus changes position to a more open form; cervix becomes patent.

Back 4

Orgasm phase

Front 5

Short duration, cervix remains patent for around 20 min after this phase.

Back 5

Resolution phase

Front 6

How do the uterine tube and the sperm work together?

Back 6

Motility of the sperm is aided by female secreted oxytocin while the motility of the tube is aided by male-secreted prostaglandins in seminal fluid

Front 7

Capacitation is under hormonal control of what inhibitory product of the prostate gland?

Back 7

Fertilization-promoting peptide (FPP)

Front 8

Process which takes place inside the female reproductive tract in which seminal fluid is "washed" off and mature spermatozoa can undergo acrosomal reaction. This describes what process?

Back 8

Capacitation

Front 9

Describe the process of capacitation; how does it occur?

Back 9

Ca influx and removal of inhibitory factors cause a loss of cholesterol thereby exposing the acrosomal membrane. The acrosomal membrane can then merge with sperm head in an acrosomal reaction.

Front 10

When acrosome meets zona pelucida, there is an influx of calcium which causes the release of what hydrolytic enzyme?

Back 10

Hyaluronidase
Hyaluronic acid is the major component of the zona pellucida and this enzyme helps sperm penetrate.

Front 11

Describe polyspermy block?

Back 11

When sperm penetrates the zona pelucida, there is a calcium influx into the oocyte which causes cortical granules of the oocyte to fuse with the membrane. The concents of the cortical granules inactivate sperm receptors on the zona pellucida and also hardens the zona pellucida.

Front 12

What day does the blastocyst inplant into the uterus?

Back 12

Day 21

Front 13

This hormones plays a key role in decidualization of the endometrium as well as storing lipids and glycogen in the uterine lining.

Back 13

Progesterone

WIthout progesterone, implantation of the blastocyst would fail

Front 14

an implanted oocyte will produce what hormone?

What hormone does THIS hormone mimic and how long is it produced?

Back 14

hCG
mimics LH

hCG is produced by the oocyte until the placenta can take over production of a replacement hormone.

Front 15

This organ serves as the fetal gut, the fetal lung and the fetal kidney.

Back 15

The placenta

Front 16

Compare and contrast maternal PaO2 vs. Fetal PaO2.

Back 16

Maternal PaO2 is around 50 and fetal PaO2 is around 30.

The fetus is a low oxygen organism but HbF has a much higher affinity for oxygen than HbA

Front 17

Which has higher CO2 levels; mom or fetus?

Back 17

Fetus is SLIGHTLY higher (2-3 mmHg). Reason being so fetus can have simple diffusion to mom to get rid of it.

Front 18

Which of the following can be transported by simple diffusion:
Lipids, FA, Ions, urea, uric acid, creatine, glucose?
(may be more than one)

Back 18

All do simple diffusion except glucose (facilitated diffusion)

Front 19

Describe progesterone production in corpus luteum compared to placenta.

Back 19

Corpus luteum cranks out progesterone for the first 8 weeks and the placenta will begin synthesizing it and eventually take over around week 8-10.

Front 20

What makes the hCG?
-Describe the mechanism of hCG.

Back 20

hCG is produced by syncytiotrophoblast of the embryo.

hCG-->binds LH receptors-->increases CYP11A1-->increases progesterone in granulosa and corpus luteum

This will allow the endometrium to be maintained.

Front 21

This hormone is critical in supporting the endometrium, suppression of contractility in uterine smooth muscle and enabling glandular activity of secretory lobules of the breast for milk production.

Back 21

Progesterone
"hormone of pregnancy"

Front 22

This PLACENTAL hormone stimulates the gorwth of the uterus, breasts, mammary ducts, external genitalia.
ALSO relaxes pelvic ligaments

Back 22

ESTROGEN

Front 23

What placental hormone is responsible for pelvic ligament relaxation?

Back 23

Estrogen

Front 24

What placental hormone is responsible for mammary duct development?

-Hormone responsible for mammary glandular function?

Back 24

Estrogen

Progesterone

Front 25

What placental hormones is responsible for reduction uterus contractions?

Back 25

Progesterone.