S17 Assessment Exam 2

Front 1

Which salivary glands are accessible on the face?

Back 1

The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.

Front 2

What are the parotid glands?

Back 2

A salivary gland located on the cheeks.

Front 3

What are the submandibular glands?

Back 3

A salivary gland located along the lower mandible of the jaw. It empties out through the Wharton's duct.

Front 4

What are the sublingual glands?

Back 4

A salivary gland located below the tongue that empties out through many ducts in the floor of the mouth.

Front 5

What is tracheal shift?

Back 5

A shift in the trachea from the midline; possibly a result of a tumor or unknown foreign body.

Front 6

What is a bruit?

Back 6

A blowing or swishing sound caused by turbulent blood flow through a narrowed vessel, is indicative of occlusive arterial disease. It is detected by using a stethoscope on the carotid artery.

Front 7

What are the 10 groups of lymph nodes?

Back 7

Preauricular, posterior auricular, occipital, tonsillar, submandibular, submental, superficial cervical, deep cervical chain, posterior cervical, and supraclavical.

Front 8

How would you assess lymph nodes on a patient?

Back 8

From superior to inferior. Have the client remain seated upright. Then palpate the lymph nodes with your finger-pads in a slow walking, gentle, circular motion. Ask the client to bend the head slightly toward the side being palpated to relax the muscles in that area. Compare lymph nodes that occur bilaterally. As you palpate each group of nodes, assess their size and shape, delimitation (whether they are discrete or confluent), mobility, consistency, and tenderness.

Front 9

How do normal lymph nodes feel?

Back 9

Smaller than 1 cm and round.

Front 10

How may lymph nodes be on elderly patients?

Back 10

Fibrotic, fatty, and smaller.

Front 11

What is lymphadenopathy?

Back 11

Enlargement of the lymph nodes; greater than 1cm

Front 12

What does enlargement of three or more groups of lymph nodes indicate?

Back 12

Generalized lymphadenopathy, possible HIV infection.

Front 13

What is a sinus headache?

Back 13

Deep, constant, throbbing pain; pressure like pain in one specific area of the face or head. The head becomes tender to the touch. It usually occurs after a cold or acute sinusitis. Typically occurs when going from hot to cold areas.

Front 14

What is a cluster headache?

Back 14

A stabbing pain; may be accompanied by tearing, eyelid drooping, reddened eye, or runny nose. It has a sudden onset, may be precipitated by ingesting alcohol. Localized in the eye and orbit and will radiate towards the facial and temporal regions. Typically occurs in the late evenings.

Front 15

What is a tension headache?

Back 15

Dull, tight, diffuse headache. May occur with stress, anxiety, or depression. Usually located in the frontal, temporal, or occipital regions. Can last days, months, or years.

Front 16

What is a migraine headache?

Back 16

Accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or noise. Can cause vertigo, tinnitus, numbness or tingling for fingers. It is located around the eyes, temples, cheeks, or forehead; may affect only one side of the face. Lasts up to three days.

Front 17

What are the turbinates?

Back 17

Three bony lobes (superior, middle, and inferior) sometimes called conchae that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. They increase the area that is exposed to incoming air.

Front 18

What is the columella?

Back 18

Skin on the nose. Fleshy external end of the nasal septum.

Front 19

What is the Kiesselbach's plexus?

Back 19

An area at the front of the septum that contains a rich supply of blood vessels.

Front 20

What is the mucous blanket?

Back 20

A blanket of mucous in the nose that captures foreign invaders?

Front 21

What are signs of a stroke?

Back 21

Sudden trouble seeing with one or both eyes, trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination. A sudden or severe headache, sudden weakness, numbness in face, arms, or legs, especially to one side of the body.

Front 22

What is epistaxis?

Back 22

Bleeding in the nose.

Front 23

What is agenesis?

Back 23

Failure of an organ to develop during embryonic development.

Front 24

What is dysphagia?

Back 24

Difficulty swallowing.

Front 25

What is xerostomia?

Back 25

Dry mouth.

Front 26

What does a normal tongue look like?

Back 26

Pink, moist, moderate size with papillae present.

Front 27

What does the normal uvula look like?

Back 27

Fleshy, solid, with no redness or exudate.

Front 28

What does the normal palate look like?

Back 28

Whitish with firm transverse rugae (wrinkles). Soft should be pinkish, movable, spongy, and smooth.

Front 29

What are the four facial sinuses?

Back 29

Frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal.

Front 30

What disease interferes with intraocular pressure?

Back 30

Glaucoma

Front 31

What is glaucoma?

Back 31

A disease with intraocular pressure interferes with blood supply to the optic structures and causes an enlarged physiologic cup that occupies half of the optic disc's diameter. It also causes a pale base of enlarged physiologic cup, and obscured or displaced retinal vessels.

Front 32

What is the way glaucoma is diagnosed?

Back 32

Via tonometry. Tonometry measures the pressure within the eye (normal 10-21 mm Hg). Greater than 22=risk for glaucoma.

Front 33

What is the cover test?

Back 33

It detects deviation in alignment or strength and slight deviations in eye movement. (Lazy eye test).

Front 34

What are the cranial nerves that control the eye muscle?

Back 34

The oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens. OTA cranial nerves 3, 4, 6.

Front 35

What are some retinal structures?

Back 35

Rods and cones, the optic disc, the physiologic cup, retinal vessels, fovea centralis, macula. It consists of numerous layers of nerve cells.

Front 36

What are rods?

Back 36

Black and white vision, work best in dim light.

Front 37

What are cones?

Back 37

Color and work best in bright light.

Front 38

What does the normal tympanic membrane look like?

Back 38

Pearly, gray, shiny, and translucent, with no bulging or retraction. It should be slightly concave, smooth, intact.

Front 39

What is acute otitis media?

Back 39

A red bulging membrane that has a decreased or absent light reflex.

Front 40

What does a blue/dark red tympanic membrane indicate?

Back 40

Blood behind the ear drum due to trauma.

Front 41

What does a perforated tympanic membrane indicate?

Back 41

A rupture due to increased pressure usually from untreated infection or trauma.

Front 42

What is serous otitis media?

Back 42

A yellowish bulging membrane with bubbles behind it.

Front 43

What is a scarred tympanic membrane?

Back 43

Has white spots and streaks that indicate scarring from infection.

Front 44

What does a retracted tympanic membrane indicate?

Back 44

Negative ear pressure due to obstructed Eustachian tube or chronic Otis media.

Front 45

What is kyphosis?

Back 45

Slouching seen in older population due to weakness due to loss in skeletal muscle that supports the spinal column and lung resiliency.

Front 46

What is a barrel chest?

Back 46

This type of chest configuration results in a more horizontal position of the ribs and costal angle of more than 90 degrees. Seen in COPD patients and those with longstanding emphysema.

Front 47

What is pectus excavatum?

Back 47

A markedly shrunk sternum and adjacent cartilage, sometimes called a funnel chest. A congenital malformation that seldom causes symptoms other than self-consciousness.

Front 48

How would you auscultate the chest?

Back 48

Use the bra and harness method. Listen to each area for an inhale and exhale. Always confirm that chest expansion has occurred.

Front 49

What is a bronchial sound?

Back 49

High pitch, with a harsh or hollow quality, a loud amplitude, short during inspiration and long during expiration. This sound can be located near the trachea and thorax.

Front 50

What is a bronchovesicular sound?

Back 50

Moderate pitched, with a mixed quality, moderate amplitude, equal sound during inspiration and expiration. This sound can be located between the scapulae and upper sternum.

Front 51

What is a vesicular sound?

Back 51

Low pitch, breezy quality, soft amplitude, long inspiration and short expiration. This sound can be located in the peripheral lung fields.

Front 52

What is the purpose of the pulse oximeter?

Back 52

To measure O2 sat.

Front 53

What is wheezing?

Back 53

Found commonly in cases of acute asthma or chronic emphysema, it indicates a narrowing of the airways due to spasm or obstruction. It is also associated with CHF, asthma, or excessive secretions.

Front 54

What is bronchophony?

Back 54

Asking the patient to repeat a word (ninety-nine) while you auscultate the chest wall. If you can understand the word, its bad.

Front 55

What is pectoriloquy?

Back 55

Asking the client to WHISPER a word (1-2-3) while you auscultate the chest wall. Abnormal if you can understand the words.

Front 56

What is bronchitis?

Back 56

An acute or chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the tracheobronchial tree. It is caused by the spread of an upper respiratory virus or bacterial infection. Signs include crackles (high pitched short poping sounds)

Front 57

What is pneumonia?

Back 57

Signs include crackles (coarse, low pitched bubbling sounds, Velcro separating slowly). An acute inflammation of the lungs, often caused by inhaled pneumococci bacteria. The alveoli and bronchials of the lungs become plugged with a fibrous exudate.

Front 58

What is tuberculosis?

Back 58

Signs include rust colored sputum. A bacterial infection that causes tuburcules to build up in the lungs.

Front 59

What is pulmonary edema?

Back 59

Fluid build up due to L/side CHF. Signs and symptoms include a pink, frothy sputum.

Front 60

What are risk factors for breast cancer?

Back 60

Female, increases with age, genetics, Caucasian (greater risk of getting it) Black women (greater risk of death), family history, denser breasts=higher risk, early menstruation, chest radiation, DEB exposure from mom.