Rt 2

Front 1

Because of geometrical factors such as source size, source to specimen distance, and specimen to film distance, there can be a lack of perfect sharpness at the edges of indications. The unsharpness caused by these factors may be referred to as the:

Back 1

Penumbral shadow

Front 2

The interval between the time a film is placed in a fixer solution and the time when the original diffuse, yellow milkiness disappears is known as:

Back 2

Clearing time.

Front 3

Which of the following is not a factor in determining subject contrast?

Back 3

Type of film used

Front 4

Approximately how long would it take for a 10-curie cobalt 60 source to decay to 2 1/2 curies?

Back 4

10.6 years

Front 5

The two most common causes for excessively high density radiographs are:

Back 5

Over exposure and over development

Front 6

The ability to detect a small discontinuity of flaw is called

Back 6

radiographic density

Front 7

The selection of the proper type of film to be used for the radiographic examination of a particular part depends on

Back 7

the strength of the radioactive source

Front 8

The half value layer of lead for cobalt 60 is approximately 0.5 inch. If the radiation level on the source side of a 1.5-inch lead plate is 64 R/hr, the radiation level on the opposite side is:

Back 8

8 R/hr.

Front 9

order for a radiograph to have a penetrameter sensitivity of 2 2T or better:

Back 9

The radiographic procedure must be able to define the 2T hole in a penetrameter that is 2 percent of the thickness of the specimen.

Front 10

Films that are left between lead screens too long in a high temperature and high humidity atmosphere may:

Back 10

Become fogged

Front 11

larger physical size source may produce an equivalent quality radiograph if:

Back 11

The source to film distance is increased

Front 12

If it were necessary to radiograph a 7-inch thick steel product, which of the following gamma ray sources would most likely be used?

Back 12

Cobalt-60

Front 13

One method of reducing radiographic contrast is to:

Back 13

Decrease the wavelength of the radiation used.

Front 14

A general rule governing the application of the geometric principles of shadow formation states that:

Back 14

The central ray should be a nearly perpendicular to the film as possible, to preserve spatial relationships.

Front 15

Lead foil in direct contact with film

Back 15

intensifies the primary radiation more than the scatter radiation

Front 16

The quantitative measure of film blackening is referred to as

Back 16

Photographic density

Front 17

Radiographic sensitivity, in the context of the minimum detectable flaw size, depends on

Back 17

the unsharpness

Front 18

In order to decrease Ug:

Back 18

radiation should proceed from as small a focal spot as possible

Front 19

If an exposure time of 60 seconds and a source to film distance of 48 inches is necessary for a particular exposure, what exposure time would be needed for an equivalent exposure if the source-to-film distance is changed to 24 inches.

Back 19

15 seconds

Front 20

Radiographic undercutting is caused by

Back 20

Side scatter

Front 21

If one curie of iridium-192 produces a dose rate of 5900 mR per hour at one foot, how many mR will ten curies produce at the same distance?

Back 21

59,000

Front 22

Subject contrast is affected by

Back 22

Thickness differences in specimen, Radiation quality, Scattered radiation.

Front 23

The absorption of gamma rays from a given source when passing through matter depends on

Back 23

The atomic number, density, and thickness of the matter

Front 24

The projected area of the target of an X ray tube is called

Back 24

Effective focal spot

Front 25

When a faster speed film is substituted for a slower one to improve the economics of the exposure, which of the following conditions occur?

Back 25

The image resolution will be reduced

Front 26

Which of the following instruments would exhibit the best sensitivity and most likely be used to detect small leaks in a radiation barrier?

Back 26

A survey meter

Front 27

specific activity of an isotopic source is usually measured in:

Back 27

Curies per gram

Front 28

The focal spot in an X ray tube:

Back 28

Should be as small as possible without unduly shortening the life of the tube.

Front 29

Almost all gamma radiography is performed with:

Back 29

Iridium 192 or cobalt 60

Front 30

The range of thickness over which densities are obtained that are satisfactory for interpretation is a measure of the:

Back 30

Latitude of a radiograph

Front 31

When X rays, gamma rays, light, or electrons strike the photographic emulsion, a change takes place in the silver crystals. This change is referred to as:

Back 31

Latent image

Front 32

The developer solution is:

Back 32

Alkaline

Front 33

Unexposed boxes of X-ray film should be stored:

Back 33

On edge or end

Front 34

The purpose of agitating the X-ray film during development is to:

Back 34

Renew the developer at the surface of the film.

Front 35

The three main steps in producing a radiograph are

Back 35

Exposure, developing, and fixation

Front 36

Any of the body tissues may be injured by excessive exposure to X or gamma rays but particularly sensitive are:

Back 36

Blood, Lens of the eyes, Internal organs

Front 37

Failure to properly fix the radiographic film results in?

Back 37

Film that will not have a long shelf life and will brown making it unable to read again.

Front 38

X ray exposure holders and cassettes often incorporate a sheet of lead foil in the back, which is not in intimate contact with the film. The purpose of this sheet of lead foil is:

Back 38

To protect the film from backscatter.

Front 39

By definition a film that has wide latitude also has

Back 39

low contrast.

Front 40

When a lead foil is scratched, a resulting radiograph would show:

Back 40

Defined dark lines corresponding to the scratches

Front 41

Root passes made using the submerged arc welding process requires the use of metal backing or a backing bar.

Back 41

True

Front 42

Which welding method uses a weld wire electrode that contains a flux that is inside?

Back 42

FCAW

Front 43

is an area where a portion of the root pass has been blown out of, or through the root pass of the weld.

Back 43

Burn Thru

Front 44

is a groove burnt into the base metal and left unfilled.

Back 44

under cut

Front 45

Oxides, fluxes, or non-metallic inclusions that are trapped in the weld metal or between weld and base metal is called:

Back 45

Slag

Front 46

occurs when gasses in the molten weld metal do not escape to the atmosphere before solidification of the weld metal.

Back 46

Porosity

Front 47

An elongated gas pocket that tunnels down the center of the root pass and follows the direction of welding is called

Back 47

hollow bead

Front 48

When the root pass inside surface on a stainless steel weld does not have adequate protection from the atmosphere (shielding or backing), the result is an off colored, powdery and irregular root surface which is called:

Back 48

Oxides

Front 49

Radiographs of electronic circuit boards should be made using what type of radiation source.

Back 49

X-ray