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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
An organ of the plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil |
Roots |
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Characteristics of a root |
-Root is the descending organ of plant and is usually non-green -No distinct nodes and internodes -Not bear leaf and buds -Branches are endogenous in origin -Root tip is protected by rootcap -Root bears unicellular root hair |
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Monocot root are mostly? |
Fibrous |
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The outermost layer of the root, also called epiblema |
Epidermis |
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Protects the underlying tissues of the root |
Epidermis |
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Absorb water and dissolve ion along with root hairs |
Epidermis |
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Consists of thin walled parenchymatous cells and rounded having intercellular spaces in them |
Cortex |
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Allows for the diffusion of materials from the root hair. |
Cortex |
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Stores foode reserve, specially starch |
Cortex |
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Allows Transportation of salt and oxygen from root hair to the center of the root |
Cortex |
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Facilitates the movement of water from cortex to xylem along with Casparian Strips |
Cortex |
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Central part of the root |
Vascular Cylinder |
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Inner part of the endodermis |
Pericycle |
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Transport water and dissolved substances from roots to stem and leaves |
Xylem |
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Main strengthening tissue of root |
Xylem |
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Transport organic substances from the leaves to the roots |
Phloem |
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Dicot root are mostly? |
Taproot |
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Cortex difference |
Dicot-elongated Monocot-wide |
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Monocot/Dicot Xylem vs Phloem |
Monocot: alternate forming circle Dicot: Xylem; x-like, Phloem; spaces of x |
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Cap-like structure at tip of root, it covers and protect |
Root cap |
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Lies beyond rootcap, growing point of root, region where cells divide |
Meristematic Zone |
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Cells of this region are newly formwd cells and elongate rapidly, increase of root length |
Zone of Elongation |
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Extended epiblema cells forming numerous unicellular root hair to increase the area of absorption for roots |
Root Hair Zone |
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Cells are mature and form epidermis, cortex, and stele. Bears a number of root hair, absorb water and mineral salts. |
Zone of Differentiation |
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Adventitious roots formed on above the ground surface of earth or water. Prop roots or anchor roots is their functions |
Aerial root |
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Formed of prop root that develop board like growth on the upper side of the tree and assist with support of trunk against lateral forces. Serve as effective tension member to prevent uprooting |
Buttress roots |
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A specialized thickened root that serves to pull down a rhizome, bulb, corm. |
Contractile Roots |
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A specialized root system in which both primary and lateral roots are divided with equal diameters mostly are monocot |
Fibrous roots |
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Store nutrient reserves, larger in diameter. |
Fleshy roots |
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Penetrate in the host tissues for nutrient absorption. Tendency to suck the life of plants around them |
Haustorial roots |
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Contains spongy parenchyma tissues of plants living in swampy soils |
Pneumatophorous roots |
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Cluster of roots that arise from first few nodes of the stem obliquely into the soil and give support to plant |
Stilt root |
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Roots are thick, soft and round in shape, they contain more tissue than most roots |
Tuberous roots |
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Roots arising from branches and grow vertically downward into soil. These act as pillars and give mechanical support to aerial branches |
Prop root |
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Primary root that grows downward into the ground. Creates a central root from which others develop |
Taproot |
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Arise from nodes of stem and help plant with weak stem to climb |
Climbing roots |
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Primary roots usually <2mm in diameter that have a function of water and nutrient uptake |
Fine roots |
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Roots undergone secondary thickening and have a woody structure. To transport and provide structure to connect the smaller diameter |
Coarse roots |
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Form adventitious buds that develop into abovegrond shoots, termed suckers, which form new plants. |
Propagative roots |
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Dense cluster of rootlets of limited growth that develop under low phosphate or low iron condition |
Storage roots |
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Large roots that have undergone considerabke secondary thickening and provide mechanical support to woody plants |
Structural roots |
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Close below the soil surface, exploiting water and easily available nutrients |
Surface root |
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Root is broad and gradually tapered toward apex |
Conical |
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The food gets accumulated only in the upper part to give it a top shape appearance |
Napiform |
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The root is swollen in middle and taper towards the base and apex |
Fusiform |
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Roots midified for N2 fixation. Observed in leguminous plants |
Nodulated Tap Root |
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Aerial roots or aerophores produced in mangrove plants |
Pneunatopores or respiratory plants |
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Factors affecting plant grow |
Macronutrients(N,K,Mg,Ca,P,S) Micronutrients(Fe,Zn,Mn,B,Cl) Water Light Temperature and relative humidity CO2 and O2 |