Romanesque Art

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Aquamanile, 1100, Romanesque
holds water to wash hands, for priests before Eucharist
it's a griffin, lion +wings, violent hostile, terrifying animals,
shows the churches power because they have tamed him and he is serving them now

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Vezelay Church Pentecost Tympanum, 1100, Romanesque
Pentecost = 50 days after resurrection, jesus brought back to heaven, sends down holy spirit in form of fiery tongues to spread word of god.
jesus=center, big mandorla, savages/people of the world all around being converted, "monstrous races" of the crusaders, people from legends passed down,
the call to the second crusade happened under this pentecost.

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Capitals at the Auton Church, Romanesque 1100
even capitals show didactic imagery, image signs, garden of eden

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Florence Babtistry, Romanesque, 1100
simple, roman-like design, cultural and religious center because it welcomed babies into the world.
simple patterned marble walls, stem from roman design
domed octagon, three distinct levels, 3 entrances

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Bayeux Tapestry, Romanesque, 1100,
shows battle btwn england and france,
20in high 30 ft long
continuative narrative made by women, first art by women that we have recorded,
made by the english, shows the building of ships, the war, the victory, each step
has family crests on the bottom and top, but also uses that bottom area to distinguish a foreground/base line

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King David, Romanesque, 1100
artist: Benedetto Antelami
Biblical figure on the facade of Fidenza Cathedral
very confined, elbows tight in, rooted in classical style, but no contrapposto,
classical= freestanding figure, drapery, solid body shape, scroll=knowledge

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Christ in Majesty, St Sernin, 1100, Romanesque
Artist: Bernardus Geldunius
center piece of reliefs in the church,

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Pisa Cathedral Group, 1100, Romanesque
includes cathedral, baptistry and bell tower (leaning tower)
clean design, one main shape less ornamentation, use of roman domes/arches/basilican plan,
big substantial architecture shows the power of the church

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Second Coming of Christ Tympanum, Romanesque, 1100
Christ in center, mandorla, king and judge of the world in its final days, surrounded by angels and evangelists
reminder to laity of the need or faith

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Christ in Majesty, Romanesque 1100
painted fresco, jesus in center in mandorla
has 12 disciples below him, four apostles above
flat, stylized application of color
but still intimidating because he is so large

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Crusaders handbook, 1100, Romanesque
absurd, basically bestiary of humans, showed the "monstrous races" of the world that the crusaders hoped to convert.
with hooves, etc.

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Durham Cathedral, Romanesque, 1110
was vaulted from the beginning, pillars have abstract designs

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Durham Cathedral plan, 1110, Romanesque
very English plan, slender, ribbed groining and seven part vaults, which was a lead up to gothic pointed groin vaults.
also had quadrant arches on side which were the first step in the evolution to a flying buttress.

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Eadwine the Scribe, Romanesque, 1100
from the Eadwine Psalter, last page, very romanesque, more drapery/body more classical references as opposed to the very carolingian rest of the book, this has abstract patterning, but also subtle lines and drapery (classical)

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Last Judgement Tympanum, Auton Church, Romanesque, 1100
didactic sculpture on outside for laity, sermon of god to teach masses
last judgement is the most important tympanum story because said "come to church, save your soul before it's too late"
shows heaven on left, hell on right, entry to hell is hellmouth
hell was the only place that artists could exhibit some creativity and nudity
jesus is shrouded in tons of fabric, not about his body

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Head reliquary of St. Alexander, Romanesque, 1100
idealized classical head, gold, elaborate so those who made pilgrimages had something to look at. repoussé, resting on the very-romanesque base of mythical animals.

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Hellmouth, 1100, Romanesque
Opening to hell, where the angels lock the doors to heaven,
tons of animals make up the bigger dragon heads , people inside are the monstrous races from the crusade stories, theres even a king and a monk inside which goes to show that nobody is safe, must continually work hard to be accepted to heaven.

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St. George and the Dragon, Romanesque, 1100
historiated initials from a manuscript,
shows the narrative IN the initial, story of two dragons interlaced and he kills them to help the princess
was supposed to serve as inspiration to convert to christianity
still has patterning on border like the late antiquity art

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Lion Monument, Romanesque, 1100
only free standing bronze statue that we have today
secular, commissioned by Duke
mouth exposed, represents power and intimidation

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Lions and Old Testament Prophet, 1100, Romanesque
The Tramough, post in center that supports the tympanum, has animal interlace of sorts with lions (jesus symbolism aka king of beasts) lions also protect the church
old testament prophet is hidden in there, in odd position, like he's in interlace, kinda classical pose, can see his body with the drapery definitely classical reference

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Mappamundi, 1100, Romanesque
map of the world, jesus on top with orb and a globe in one hand
jerusalem is the center
on the right are rows of monstrous races
dragons at the bottom signify the devil
relates to crusades

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Moses Expounding the Law, 1100, Romanesque
page of a bible, has leaf motifs, glowing harmonized colors, shows moses at bottom pointing out clean vs unclean beasts
gestures are slow/gentle, patterning still there, and more abstracted folds, but the artist HUGO, also thought of the bodies and their shapes
overall rather flat

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Baptism of Christ, Romanesque, 1100
classical style and spirit, even has a nude image of christ
baptism bowl
softly rounded figures, drapery, very human forms
narrative is of an old testament story
also features the very classical three quarters view point

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Romanesque Church 'Portal', Romanesque, 1100 or so
Tympanum: half circle on top
Jamb: side posts
Trumeau: center post that supports the lintel/tympanum
Lintel: piece below tympanum but above doorway
Voussoirs: Wedge shaped blocks that make up the archway framing the typanum

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Nave of St. Étienne, 1100, Romanesque
divided by 4 large buttresses, has huge compound piers and pilasters for support with engaged half columns to decorate
groin vaults were installed later after it was built, provided enough room for clerestory windows, these windows, despite the massive stone structure, made it a little lighter and more airy than other buildings of the period.

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Plan of St. Étienne, 1100, Romanesque
subtle transcepts
huge piers

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St. Étienne façade, 1100, Romanesque
rooted in Carolingian style, but has a different way of organizing, four large buttresses divide the front
above those, the two spires progress up through the years and become progressively more ornate/open/gothic

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St. Sernin, Romanesque 1100
Latin Cross plan, roman style arches
has radiating chapels around apse
has a gallery level where you can't really walk
called romanesque because of the barrel vaults
added buttress on the side for support

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Nave of St. Sernin, 1100, Romanesque
has the barrel vault, piers embellished with engaged columns which continue across ceiling as an arch

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St. Sernin plan, Romanesque, 1100
smaller apse with radiating chapels for pilgrims, otherwise very traditional latin cross plan, 4 huge circular pillars at transepts, barrel vaulted, NO groin vaults.
Very planned rational lay out

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St. Savin Nave, Romanesque, 1100
painted the nave ceiling because this church has tons of windows that let in light and so you could actually see the fresco on the ceiling
new testament themes, stylized figures,
the pillars and piers were painted to look like marble too.

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San't Ambogio, 1100, Romanesque
very much in the late christian style, two bell towers and a two story narthax
no transcepts.

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Speyer Cathedral, 1100, Romanesque
earliest examples of groin vaulted naves,

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Reliquary, 1100, Romanesque
pilgrims, crusades, worship of actual objects

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Virgin and Child, 1100, Romanesque
held a relic (her head came off), not very big, wooden
back to stoic faces, unrealistic bodies, as much separation as possible from real world.

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Hildegard Reveals her visions, 1100, Romanesque

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Adam and Eve Frieze, 1100, Romanesque
frieze on cathedral, very similar in style to Early medieval/late antiquity sarcophagi etc.
scenes from genesis