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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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August Reforms
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Augustus reforms made him popular
-Expansion of the Forum -Temples (Mars & Apollo) -made repairs and built new temples -revived priesthood -brought the festivals back -Praetorian Guard- reorganized it -police- protect the city and keep order -fire dept- put out fires -secret service- protect the emperor Imperial Reorganization- the power belongs to the emperor -equestrian bureaucracy- shift of power away from the senate -census- was used for voting purposes, wanted to count the heads of households. -taxation- census determine how much in taxes you would pay |
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Augustus (Maecenas and Agrippa)
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Maecenas
-was the first media consultant -Introduced Augustus to a group of poetics -Give shelter and money to the poetics Agrippa -was the friend of Augustus -miltiary genius -married Julia and had five kids together |
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Moral Reforms: Lex Julia & Lex Papia
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Lex Julia & Lex Papia
-Augustus passed laws specific to marriage, having children, and adultery -Put an end to the upper class breaking these rules -We know about these crimes because poetry and legal speeches -Catallus and Ovid wrote about it in their poems -Cicero legal speech accusing Verres of sleeping with the citizens and young girls |
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Professional Army
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-Set up by Tiberius
-You served in the army for so many years you got a pension (land), wherever you served -spread more Roman culture |
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Bread and Circuses
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-do not have a job grain was handed out for the week
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Titles of Octavian
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Imperator- victorious general
-have control of the army -Have to win a big battle (Actium) -Princeps- "First man of Rome" -powers of the princeps allowed to open and close the senate -cut off the debate -Augustus was the house speaker of the monarchy and republic -Caesar Augustus -drops Octavian and adds augustus |
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Family of Augustus
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-Lavia
-wife of Augustus and mother of Tiberius -2 children from a previous marriage -divorced the first husband while she was pregnant -monetary gain -Augustus was on the rise -Tiberius becomes the second emperor Julia -daughter of Augustus -married to Agrippa then he dies -then she marries Tiberius -exiled for adultery Octavia -sister of Augustus -married Marc Antony -takes in Marc Antony and Cleopatra Agrippa the younger -mother of Nero -marries her uncle Claudius |
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Problem with succession
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-Never a set of reliable rules for succession
-if it should be hereditary -all those in line died early |
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Cult of the Deified Emperor
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-emperors were voted to be made gods
-they were worshiped in temples -Christians refused to worship the emperor |
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Ovid exile (Carmen et Error)
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One of his poems got him in trouble
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Tiberius (Sejanus and the Delatores or Informers)
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Tiberius
-He did not want to be emperor -Did not want to mary Julia -He had to leave his army job or never become emperor -Leaves Rome and retires -Builds a palace and never comes back to Rome Sejanus -Paid people to findout if anyone to plot against emperor -Ruled Rome with an iron fist -Some senators convinced Tiberius that Sajanus was trying to replace him -Dlatores-taking money from Sajanus to rat out people |
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Caligula "little boots"
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-Ruled for 7 years
-Bad emperor -Humilated senator -make senators run next to him and supply him with info about the senate -Had an incestuous relationships with his sister (rumored) -very popular and handsome |
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Claudius (Bureaucracy of Freedman)
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-He did not want to be emperor
-he had a speech disability and cleft foot -senator the philospher and tutor of Nero (trained him in stotic vales) -brother of Germancius -first wife Nassialina -Has two children (Birus & Octavia) -Agrippina the younger was jealous and said that Nassialina married a senator that hates Claudius -Claudius adopts Nero and marries Agrippina Bureaucracy of Freedman -administrative structure of the emperor -replaces the senate |
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Nero and the Great fire and Golden house
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Nero
-Liked to party and race chariots -Agrippina the younger controlled the thrown when Nero was younger -Nero got tired of his mother and tried to kill her -Bribes the sailors to sank the boat with his mother in it and then jump out so his mother could drown -she grabs on to a piece of wood and floats to shore -his mother later stabbed herself -Before he could fire his tutor, Senca he leaves -Petronius the Arbiter friend and personal stylist of Nero -charged with treason The Great Fire 64 AD -Half the city of Rome (Tacitus description) -Started in a warehouse near the circus maxiumus -City was flammable (made of brick, wood, and straw) -Lots of old buildings and poor people all around Rome -Nero played the fiddle while the city It was believed that Nero's men were going around throwing torches in people's houses -He saw the city burning and said let's put on a production the fall of Troy -Tactius does not believe that Nero had anything to do with the fire -Nero blam |
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Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre, built by Vespasian)
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Vespasian
-son is Domitian -He dissolved the golden house and gave it back to the people Flavian Amphitheatre -Built on top of the artificial lake |
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Eruption of Mt Vesuvius
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-Pliny the elder died trying to document this volcano eruption
-pyroclastic eruption which means the pressure builds up and then the top of the mountain blows up |
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Five Good Emperors
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Nerva
Trajan -He writes letter back to Pliny the younger -He tells Pliny he is doing the right thing -but he should seek out christians and not let people accuse anyone anaymously Hadrian -He built the wall that seperates Britian from Scotland -It is the second largest wall in the world Anoninous Pius Marcus Aurelius -There was peace among his reign and Augustus reign -Propersity in the provinces (pax romana- roman peace) |
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Pax Romana
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200 years (Marcius Arelius)
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Baths
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-Bath houses were public and private
-most were public -open at different hours for women -public had to pay a small fee -centers of activities and social interaction -business and visitations were done here Rooms -Tepidarium (warm room opened up your pores -Caldarium- (steam bath) -Frigidarium- (cold room) -Libraries -Food concession -exercise rooms- played ball -Barber shop- can get an haircut and shave -Other entertainment -dice- gambling -hunting -bars |
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Circus Events & Arena entertainment
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-animal baiting
-chariot racing -gladiators |
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Roman Construction
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Concrete (vaults, arches, and domes
-can build large interior spaces -longevity Roads multiple layer roads -concrete, motar Aquaducts -brings water into the city Bridges -Made of stone Baths -daily activities |
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Rise of Christianity
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Roads
-Made it easier to spread the gospel throughout the empire -set up churches Inventions of books -then the bible was able to be created -more people could read about the teachings |
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St. Paul, St. Jerome, & St. Augustine
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-Primary missionary that spread the gospel
St. Jerome -Translated the bible -The old testament was in Hebrew -the new testament was in Greek -translated it to Latin St. Augustine -Wrote the book the confessions, the city of god -was in response to the sac of Rome -Christians are not citizens of Rome they are citizens of the city of god |
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Conversion of Constantine
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Battle of Milvian Bridge 312 AD
-Won this battle -this is how he became emperor "In Hoc Signo Vines" -Constine saw a cross in the sky that said "you will conquer" and made all his soldiers wear crosses -he wanted to become emperor so bad he converted to Christianity, on his death bed |
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Helena and the true cross
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-Made many pilgrimages
-she claimed to have brought back a piece of the crucixicficaton (a piece of wood) that Jesus died on |
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Persecutions of Christians
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-First one Nero (Ad 61-112)
-Second one Domitian (end of the 1st century) -Third one Diocletian |
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Council of Niceae AD 325
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Conference of bishop to make a agreement on Christianity
-they came up with Trinity doctrine in which god is three parts (the father, the son, holy spirit) |
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Edict of Milan
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380 Ad establishes Christianity as a legal religion
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Emperor Theodosius
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Establishes Christianity as the only legal religion
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Fall of the Roman empire
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Universal citizenship (ad 212 dilution of army
- they would take anyone it did not matter -they did not have the high level of enrollment -Wars were getting a little more dangerous because Rome was fighting more, so less people joined -less training and lowered standards Rise of Constantinople -This was city built by Constantine this began the division of the emperor Division of Empire into East and West -began acting like two separate emperors -East was protected by moutains, the black sea, and the desert of Iran and Iraq -West was left open and always being attacked -borders were being pressure by barbarians -The east felt that this was not their problem Hardening the borders -Benefit the defensive wall expanding -but many of the enemy got pass the wall and there were no protection |
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Invasions
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410 Ad Sack of Rome Alariac the Visigoth
476 Ad Sack of Rome by Odoacer who deposes the Roman emperor |
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Quality of Imperial leadership
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-There were no good emperor after the Julian-Cladio emperors and Marc Aurelius
-Bad emperor Nero (watched rome burn), caligula (made a horse consul) |
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Agricultural decline/Taxation/Population decline
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-Business was disrupted by barbarians
-People moved so they could not find them |
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Lead Poison
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-Pipes were made of lead
-This is probably what decreased the population |
