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103 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

the external ear (ee):


auricle (pinna)

collects and directs sound waves into the auditory canal and then into the tympanic membrane

(ee)


auditory canal (external acoustic meatus)

numerous glands line the canal and secrete earwax to lubricate and protect the ear

(ee)


tympanic membrane (eardrum)

separates the external ear from the middle ear

the middle ear contains:

  1. the ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes;
  2. has 5 openings
  3. is lined with mucus
it transmits sound vibrations; equalizes external/internal air pressure on the tympanic membrane; exerts control over potentially damaging or disruptive loud sounds

the inner ear (ie):


cochlea

contains the organ of corti, the organ of hearing

(ie)


vestibule

contains the utricle and saccule, membranous pouches containing perilymph. the utricle communicates with the semicircular canals and contains hair cell sensory receptors connected to fibers from the eighth cranial nerve. these hair cells react to the force of gravity and movement and are a part of the sense of equilibrium.

(ie)


the semicircular canals

contains nerve endings in the form of hair cells that note changes in the position of the head and reports such movement to the brain through fibers leading to the eighth cranial nerve.

acoustic

pertaining to the sense of hearing

audiogram

a record of hearing by audiometry

audiologist

one who specializes in disorders of hearing

audiology

the study of hearing disorders

audiometer

an instrument used to measure hearing

audiphone

an instrument that conveys sound to the auditory nerve through teeth or bone

auditory

pertaining to the sense of hearing

aural

pertaining to the ear

auricle

the external portion of the ear, know as the flap of the ear; the pinna (pin'na)

binaural

pertaining to both ears

cerumen

earwax, the yellowish substance secreted by the glands in the canal of the external ear

cholesteatoma

a tumor-like mass filled with epithelial cells and cholesterol

cochlea

a portion of the inner ear shaped like a snail shell; contains the organ of hearing referred to as the organ of Corti

deafness

complete or partial loss of the ability to hear

ear

organ of hearing and equilibrium

electrocochleography

a recording of the electrical activity produced when the cochlea is stimulated

endaural

pertaining to within the ear

endolymph

the clear fluid contained within the labyrinth of the ear

equilibrium

a state of balance. in the inner ear, the semicircular canals are the site of the organs of balance.

eustachian tube

a narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

fenestration

surgical operation in which a new opening is made in the labyrinth of the inner ear for restoration of hearing

incus

the anvil, the middle of the three ossicles

labyrinth

the inner ear; made up of the vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals

labrynthectomy

surgical excision of the labyrinth

labyrinthitis

inflammation of the labyrinth

labrynthotomy

incision of the labyrinth

malleus

the hammer, the largest of the three ossicles

mastoidalgia

pain in the mastoid

mastoiditis

inflammation of the mastoid

Ménières disease

a disease of the inner ear (labyrinth) that presents a group of symptoms that recur. in acute attacks, bedrest is recommended. vertigo and dizziness are the classic symptoms, and the patient experiences nausea, tinnitus, and a sensation of fullness or pressure in the ears. Deafness can occur.

monaural

pertaining to one ear.

myringectomy

surgical excision of the tympanic membrane

myringoplasty

surgical repair of the tympanic membrane

myringoscope

an instrument used to examine the eardrum

myringotome

an instrument used for cutting the eardrum

myringotomy

surgical incision of the tympanic membrane is used to remove unwanted fluids from the ear

ossicle

small bone. any one of the three bones of the middle ear: the malleus, the incus, or the stapes

otic

pertaining to the ear

otitis

inflammation of the ear

otitis media

inflammation of the middle ear.

otodynia

pain in the ear, earache

otolaryngologist

one who specializes in the study of the ear and larynx.

otolaryngology

the study of the ear and larynx

otolith

ear stone

otomycosis

a fungus condition of the ear

otoneurology

the study of ear conditions with nerve complications

otopharyngeal

pertaining to the ear and pharynx

otoplasty

surgical repair of the ear

otopyorrhea

flow of pus from the ear

otorhinolaryngology

the study of the ear, nose, and larynx

otosclerosis

a hardening condition of the ear characterized by progressive Deafness.

otoscope

an instrument used to examine the ear

oval window

membrane in the middle ear into which fits the footplate of the stapes

perilymph

serum fluid of the inner ear

presbycusis

impairment of hearing in old age

Rinne test

a hearing test made with a tuning fork to compare bone conduction hearing with air conduction

stapedectomy

surgical excision of the stapes in the ear

stapes

the stirrup, the innermost of the ossicles

tinnitus

a ringing or jingling sound in the ear

tympanectomy

surgical excision of the tympanic membrane

tympanic

pertaining to the eardrum

tympanic thermometer

an electronic thermometer that is used to determine core body temperature by measuring it from the tympanic membrane and its surrounding tissues.

tympanitis

inflammation of the eardrum

tympanoplasty

surgical repair of the tympanic membrane

utricle

a small, sac-like structure of the labyrinth of the inner ear

vertigo

a feeling of dizziness, light-headedness, caused by a disturbance of the equilibrium organs in the labyrinth.

antibiotics

used to treat infectious diseases. they may be natural or synthetic substances that inhibit the growth of or destroy microorganisms, especially bacteria.

penicillins

act by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis among newly formed bacterial cells. penicillins are contraindicated in patients who are known to be allergic or hypersensitive to any of its varieties, or to any of the cephalosporins.

cephalosporins

are chemically and pharmacologically related to the penicillins. they act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby promoting the death of the developing microorganisms. hypersensitivity to cephalosporins and/or penicillins may result in an allergic reaction.

tetracyclines

primarily bacteriostatic, and are active against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. they inhibit protein synthesis int he bacterial cell.

erythromycin

works by inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria. these drugs may be used for patients who are allergic to penicillin.

drugs used in vertigo

vertigo is an illusion of movement. it may be caused by a lesion or other process affecting the brain, the eighth cranial nerve, or the labrynthine system of the ear. drugs that are used for vertigo may include anticholinergics, antihistamines, and antidopamines.

auditory evoked response

the response to auditory stimuli (sound) that can be measure independent of the patient's subjective response. by using an electroencephalograph, the intensity of sound and presence of response can be determined. this test is useful for testing the hearing of children who are too young for standard tests, autistic, hyperkinetic, and/or retarded.

electronystagmography

a recording of eye movement in response to specific stimuli, such as sound. it is used to determine the presence and location of a lesion in the vestibule of the ear, to help diagnose unilateral hearing loss of unknown origin, and to help identify the cause of vertigo, tinnitus, and dizziness.

falling test

a test to observe the patient for marked swaying or falling. with eyes open, the patient is asked to stand on one foot, stand heel to toe, and then walk forward. the patient is asked to repeat each of the above with the eyes closed. marked swaying or falling may indicate vestibular and cerebellar dysfunction.

past-pointing test

the patient is instructed to reach out and touch the examiner's index finger, which is held at shoulder level, then to lower the arm, close the eyes, and touch the finger again. the test is repeated using the finger of the examiner's opposite hand. the degree and direction of past-pointing is observed.

otoscopy

visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane via an otoscope.

tuning fork test

a method of testing hearing by the use of a tuning fork. two types of hearing loss (conductive and perceptive) may be distinguished through the use of this test

tympanometry

measurement of the movement of the tympanic membrane and pressure in the middle ear. it is used for detecting middle ear disorders.

AC

air conduction

AD

auris dexter (right ear)

AS

auris sinistra (left ear)

AU

auris unitas (both ears)

BC

bone conduction

CPS

cycles per second

db, dB

decibel

ENG

electronystagmography

ENT

ear, nose, throat

EENT

eyes, ears, nose, throat

ETF

eustachian tube function

HD

hearing distance

OM

otitis media

oto

otology

PE tube

polyethylene tube

SOM

serous otitis media

UCHD

usual childhood diseases