Rhone Valley & Southern France

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Location of the Northern Rhone

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Alone the Rhone River from Vienne to Valence

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Location of the Southern Rhone

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funnel outward south of Montélimar toward Avignon, near the river’s Mediterranean basin

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Climate of the Northern Rhone

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Continental. Greater seasonal temperature shifts, more rainfall, and fewer annual hours of sunshine than the southern appellations. Cold, dry Mistral wind

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Define arzelle

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powdery, decomposed mica in the thin topsoil near the commune of Condrieu

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Soils of the Northern Rhone

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Heat-retaining granitic and schistous soils. The soils become heavier with clay in the southern section of St-Joseph, Crozes-Hermitage and St-Péray.

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Red wine grape of the Northern Rhone

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Syrah

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Appellations for Syrah in the Northern Rhone

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Hermitage AOP, Crozes-Hermitage AOP, Cornas AOP, Côte-Rôtie AOP, and St-Joseph AOP (5)

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Percent of Syrah in Cornas

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100%

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Appellation in N. Rhone where Syrah is bottled as a 100% varietal wine

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Cornas

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White grape types and percentage allowed in Cote-Rotie syrah wines

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up to 20% Viognier may be added

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White grape types and percentage allowed in Crozes-Hermitage and Hermitage syrah wines

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Option of adding a combined total of 15% Marsanne and Roussanne

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White grape types and percentage allowed in St-Joseph syrah wines

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May add up to 10% Marsanne and Roussanne

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Translation of Côte-Rôtie

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roasted slope

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Four major producers of Hermitage

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Jean-Louis Chave, Delas, M. Chapoutier and Jaboulet

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Important climats of Hermitage

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L’Hermite, le Méal, les Bessards, Gréffieux, Beaume and Péléat

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Amongst the warmest vineyards in the Northern Rhône

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Cornas

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Particular climate of Cornas

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The sun’s warmth is magnified by the naked granite soil (gore) in the vineyards, and the appellation is shielded from le mistral.

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Four quarters, or lieux-dits of Cornas

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Les Reynards, La Côte, Les Chaillot, and Les Mazards

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Famous Cornas producer

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Auguste Clape

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Northern Rhone AOP that can produce only red wine

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Cornas and Côte-Rôtie

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Northern Rhone AOPs that also produce small amounts of white wines

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St-Joseph, Crozes-Hermitage and Hermitage

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White wine grapes used in St-Joseph, Crozes-Hermitage and Hermitage

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Marsanne and Roussanne

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Wines of St-Péray AOP

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Exclusively produces Marsanne and Roussanne wines

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Character of Roussanne

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More delicate Roussanne adds acidity and waxy minerality

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Character of Marsanne

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Broader, oily texture and marzipan character

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What is vin de paille?

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In Hermitage, producers have the traditional option of drying either Marsanne and Roussanne for a rare dessert wine

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Wines of Condrieu AOP

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White wine appellation just south of Côte-Rôtie for the Viognier grape

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Location and size of Condrieu AOP

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Just south of Cote-Rotie. Appellation has less than 200 delimited hectares

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Describe Château Grillet AOP

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A monopole within Condrieu for Viognier

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four minor appellations of the Northern Rhône

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Crémant de Die,Clairette de Die,
Coteaux de Die, Châtillon-en-Diois

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Wines of Coteaux de Die AOP

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Whites based wholly on Clairette

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Wines of Crémant de Die AOP

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Sparkling wine appellation whites based partially on Clairette

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Wines of Clairette de Die AOP

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Two styles of sparkling wines: Méthode Traditionnelle and Méthode Dioise Ancestrale

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Grapes used for Clairette de Die AOP Méthode Traditionnelle

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100% Clairette

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Grapes used for Clairette de Die AOP Méthode Dioise Ancestrale

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Minimum of 75% Muscat à Petit Grains plus Clairette

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Describe méthode ancestrale

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old technique of sparkling wine production wherein the wine is bottled without dosage before fermentation has concluded. The wines are disgorged into pressurized tanks and rebottled without liqueur d’expédition. A minimum 35 grams per liter residual sugar remains, implying demi-sec sweetness

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Describe Méthode Traditionnelle style wines

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basically brut in style, with a maximum 15 grams per liter of sugar after dosage

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Wines of Châtillon-en-Diois AOP

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Anomaly for Gamay-based reds and rosés and whites based on Aligoté and Chardonnay

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Location of the four minor appellations of the Northern Rhône

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Southeast of Valence on the Drôme River, a tributary of the Rhône

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Climate of the Southern Rhone

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Distinctly Mediterranean. Hot summers are tempered by significant diurnal swings, and mild winters follow usually heavy autumnal rains

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Soils of the Southern Rhone

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A wealth of alluvial soils exists in the Southern Rhône, deposited over limestone subsoil in the river’s course. Sand, gravel, and clay have been left in the river’s wake, and larger stones have been dumped in the valley’s mounds by post-ice age glacial melt.

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Describe galets

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Larger stones have been dumped in the valley’s mounds by post-ice age glacial melt.Made of quartzite and smoothed by the river, the galets serve to store heat, releasing it to warm the vines at night.

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Size and wine type of Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOP

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Over 3000 hectares. Blends made from 13 grapes. Typically grenache dominant.

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Minimum potential alcoholic strength for Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOP wines

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12.5% (highest in France for dry AOP wines)

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The grapes of Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOP

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Grenache (Noir/Blanc/Gris), Mourvèdre, Syrah, Cinsault, Counoise, Picpoul (Noir/Blanc/Gris), Terret Noir, Bourboulenc, Clairette/Clairette Rosé, Roussanne, Vaccarèse,
Picardan
Muscardin

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Principal red grapes for Côtes du Rhône-Villages

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Grenache, Mourvèdre, and Syrah

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Southern Rhône’s largest appellation

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Côtes du Rhône AOP

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Describe Côtes du Rhône-Villages AOP

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Superior designation for red, white and rosé wine from a delimited area within the Southern Rhône. 17 communes may append their names to the appellation

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Soils of Gigondas AOP

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Red clay alluvial soils

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Wines of Gigondas AOP

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The red wines contain a minimum 50% Grenache, typically blended with smaller proportions of Syrah and Mourvèdre. Other Rhône grape varieties—excluding Carignan—are permitted to be present as a maximum 10% of plantings in the Gigondas vineyard.

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Wines of Vacqueyras AOP

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usually red, although a small amount of white and rosé wine is produced. A minimum 50% Grenache is required for the red wines.

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Recent AOPs that joined the other appellations in 2005 and 2006, respectively

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Beaumes-de-Venise AOP and Vinsobres AOP

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Wines of Lirac AOP

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Made in red, white, and rosé versions. Grenache Noir and Blanc are prevalent in Lirac, although the white wines may see a significant proportion of Clairette and Bourboulenc added.

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Wines of Tavel AOP

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Only communal appellation in France exclusively dedicated to rosé wines.The wines are based on Grenache and made in a dry style.

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Define Vin doux naturel

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A sweet fortified wine

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Which two appellations exist for the vin doux naturel style in the Southern Rhône?

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Rasteau AOP and Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOP

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Define mutage

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Pure grape spirit is added to arrest fermentation in a proportion of 5-10%

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Grape and type of Rasteau vin doux naturel wines

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May be white, rosé, or red; and they are based on the three colors of Grenache: Blanc, Gris, and Noir

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Difference between Rasteau AOP and Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOP wines.

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Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise wines are typically fresher and more aromatic, whereas the Rasteau wines show more tawny flavors.

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Amount of Côtes de Provence AOP labeled wine produced in Provence

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75%

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Rose wine accounts for what percentage of Côtes de Provence AOP production?

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75%

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Grapes used for Côtes de Provence AOP wines

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Cinsault, Grenache, Mourvèdre, Syrah, and the local, garrigue-scented Tibouren. The rosés must be blended from at least two varieties.

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Grapes used in the Bandol AOP

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Bandol is the only appellation in France to require focus on the Mourvèdre grape: a minimum 50% is blended with Grenache, Cinsault, and—to a lesser extent—Syrah and Carignan.

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Aging requirement for Bandol AOP wines

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Wines must spend 18 months in oak prior to release

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Grapes used in Les Baux de Provence AOP

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Releases red and rosé wines, based on Grenache, Syrah, and Cinsault. A 2011 revision of the appellation's rules added white wines, based on Grenache Blanc, Clairette, Vermentino, and Roussanne.

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The only French appellation outside of Bordeaux to publish a ranking of grand cru classé estates.

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Côtes de Provence AOP. 23 estates were originally classified in 1955.

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Appellations of Corsica

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Vin de Corse AOP, Ajaccio AOP, Patrimonio AOP, Muscat du Cap Corse AOP (4)

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Size of Languedoc-Roussillon region

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When considered collectively, Languedoc-Roussillon has more acres planted to the vine than any other winegrowing region in the world, and is the only region in France to surpass Bordeaux in plantings.

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Many of the quality appellations are clustered within the ________ side of Languedoc.

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western

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Wines produced in Corbières AOP

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Produces reds, rosés, and a small amount of whites from extremely varied soils and microclimates

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Location and wines produced in Minervois AOP

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North of Corbières is Minervois AOP, a designation for red, white and rosé wine.

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Wines of Limoux AOP

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Limoux red wines are Merlot-based. Still whites are produced from Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, and Mauzac, and must be fermented in oak.

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Define Blanquette de Limoux

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The local Mauzac also makes up a minimum 90% of Blanquette de Limoux, a distinctive méthode traditionelle wine that lays claim to being France’s oldest purposefully made sparkling wine.

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Wines of Crémant de Limoux AOP

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A sleeker, more modern style of sparkling wine, which stipulates a maximum 20% Mauzac and Pinot Noir in favor of Chardonnay and Chenin Blanc.

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The eastern half of Languedoc is dominated by the regional appellation ______ .

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Languedoc AOP

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Boundaries of Languedoc AOP

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Extending from the Spanish border to the city of Nîmes

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Wines used for Languedoc AOP reds

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Generally a minimum 50% combined Grenache, Syrah, Mourveèdre, and Lladoner Pelut

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Wines made in the Roussillon region

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Singularly important for vin doux naturel production. Over 90% of France’s fortified wines are made in the region.

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The southernmost wine appellation in continental France

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Banyuls AOP. It is France’s richest, most full-bodied and most consistently quality-minded VDN appellation.

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Grapes used for Banyuls AOP

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Grenache Noir accounts for at least 50% of the "Traditionnel" fortified reds

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Requirements to be labeled Banyuls Grand Cru AOP

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Requires at least 75% of Grenache Noir. To be labeled “Grand Cru”, Banyuls must spend a minimum 30 months in barrel. If destined to be vintage-dated, Banyuls is generally bottled within one year and labeled “rimage”.

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The overarching classification for the entire Languedoc-Roussillon region.

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Vin de Pays d’Oc

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Appellation on the Lot River

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Cahors AOP

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River by Cahors AOP

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Lot River

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Grapes used in Cahors AOP

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Minimum 70% Malbec, with Tannat and Merlot