Revised Penal Code Articles 1-6

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Article 1

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This code shall take effect on the first day of January, nineteen hundred and thirty two.

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Article 2

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Except as provided in the traits and law of preferential application, the provisions of this code shall be enforced not only within the Philippine archipelago, including its atmosphere, its interior waters, and maritime zone, but also outside its jurisdiction against those who:

1. Should commit an offense while on a Philippine ship or airship.

2. Should forge or counterfeit any coin or currency note of the Philippines or obligations and securities issued by the government of the Philippines.

3. Should be liable for acts connected with the introduction into the Philippines of the obligations and securities mentioned in the preceding number

4. While being public officers or employees, should commit an offence in the exercise of their functions

5. Should commit any of the crimes against national security and the law of nations, defined in title 1 of book 2 of this code

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Article 3

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Acts and omissions punishable by law are felonies

Felonies are committed not only by means of deceit but also by means of fault

There is deceit when the act is committed with deliberate intent, and there is fault when the wrongful act results from imprudence, negligence, lack of foresight, or lack of skill.

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Article 4

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Criminal liability shall be incurred:

1. By any person committing a felony although the wrongful act done is different from that which he intended.

2. By any person performing an act which would be against persons or property, where it not for the inherent impossibility of its accomplishment are on account of the employment of inadequate or ineffectual means.

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Article 5

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Whenever the court has knowledge of any act which it may deem proper to repress and which is not punishable by law, it shall render the property decision and shall report to the Chief executive, through the department of justice, the reasons which induce the courts to believe that said acts should be the subject of penal legislation.

In the same way, the courts shall submit to the Chief Executive, through the department of justice, such statement as may be deemed proper, without suspending the execution of the sentence, when a strict enforcement of the provisions of this code would result in the imposition of a clearly excessive penalty, taking into consideration the degree of malice and injury caused by the offense.

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Article 6

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Consummated felonies as well as those which are frustrated and attempted, are punishable.

A felony ours consummated when all the elements necessary for its execution and accomplishment are present; and it is frustrated when the offender performs all the acts ofc execution which would produce the felony as a consequence but which, nevertheless, does not produce it by reason of causes independent of the will of the perpetrator.

There is an attempt when the offender commences the commission of a felony directly by over acts, and does not perform all the acts of execution which should produce the felony by reasons of some cause or accident other than his own spontaneous distance.

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Article 7

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Light felonies are punishable only when they have been consummated, with the exception of those committed against persons or property.

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Article 8

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Conspiracy and proposal to commit felony are punishable only in the cases in which the law specially provides a penalty thereof.

A conspiracy exists when two or more persons come to an agreement concerning the commission of a felony and decide to commit it.

There is a proposal when the person who has decided to commit the felony proposes its execution to some other person or persons.

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Article 9

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Grave felonies are those to which the law attaches the capital punishment or penalties which in any of their period are afflictive, in accordance with article 25 of this code.

Less grave felonies are those which the law punishes with penalties which in their maximum periods are correctional, in accordance with the above mentioned article.

Light felonies are those infractions of law for the commission of which the penalty of arresto mayor or a fine not exceeding 200 pesos, or both is provided.