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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES ASSOCIATED WITH LIVING THINGS ARE KNOWN AS |
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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ALL MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE IS COMPOSED OF ONE OR MORE
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ELEMENTS
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Na IS THE ABBREVIATION FOR
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SODIUM
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ATOMS CONSIST OF NEUTRAL PARTICLES CALLED NEUTRONS AND POSITVELY CHARGED PARTICLES CALLED
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PROTRONS
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THE NUMBER OF PROTRONS FOUND IN AN ATOM IS REFERRED TO AS ITS
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ATOMIC NUMBER
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ATOMS ARE MOST STABLE WHEN THEIR OUTER SHELL IS FILLED WITH EITHER TWO ELECTRONS OR
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EIGHT ELECTRONS
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A REACTION THAT RESULTS IN THE GAN OF ELECTRONS BY ONE OF THE PARTICIPANTS IS CALLED A(N)
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REDUCTION
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AN ION IS AN ATOM THAT HAS LOST OR GAINED ONE OR MORE ELECTRONS AND HAS ACQUIRED A(N)
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ELECTRICAL CHARGE
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PRECISE ARRANGEMENTS OF ATOMS DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT ELEMENTS CONSTITUTE A(N)
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MOLECULE
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THE COMPOUND GLUCOSE IS COMPOSED OF ATOMS OF OXYGEN HYDROGEN, AND
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CARBON
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THE SUM OF THE ATOMIC MASSES OF THE ATOMS IN A MOLECULE IS EXPRESSED AS THE
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MOLECULAR MASS
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WHEN THE ELECTRONS OF ONE ATOM ARE TRANSFERRED TO A SECOND ATOM, TWO IONS FORM, AND WHEN THEY ARE ATTRACTED TO ONE ANOTHER, THE RESULT IS A BOND CALLED A(N)
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IONIC BOND
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METHANE IS AN EXAMPLE OF A COMPOUND FORMED AS A RESULT OF
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COVALENT
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THE REASON THAT CARBON ENTERS INTO INNUMERABLE CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS IS THAT ITS OUTER ELECTRON SHELL HAS ELECTRONS NUMBERING
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FOUR
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ONE EXAMPLE OF A COMPOUND RESULTING FROM IONIC BONDING IS TABLE SALT OR
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SODIUM CHLORIDE
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WHEN PLACED IN WATER, AN ACID IS A CHEMICAL COMPOUND THAT RELEASES
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HYDROGEN ATOMS
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SODIUM HYDROXIDE AND POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE ARE BOTH EXAMPLES OF SUBSTANCES CALLED
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BASES
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CARBOHYDRATES SERVE THE HUMAN BODY AS STRUCTURAL MATERIAL AND AS SOURCES OF
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ENERGY
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ALL CARBOHYDRATE MOLECULES ARE COMPOSED OF THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ATOMS, NAMELY CARBON, OXYGEN, AND
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HYDROGEN
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THE SIMPLEST CARBOHYDRATES ARE COMPOSED OF SINGLE UNIT MOLECULES CALLED
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MONOSACCHARIDES
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THOSE CARBOHYDRATES COMPOSED OF TWO UNIT MOLECULES COVALENTLY BONDED TO EACH OTHER ARE CALLED
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DISACCHARIDES
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STARCH, GLYCOGEN, AND CELLULOSE ARE EXAMPLES OF COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES REFERRED TO AS
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POLYSACCHARIDES
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THREE EXAMPLES OF MONOSACCHARIDES ARE FRUCTOSE, GALACTOSE, AND
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GLUCOSE
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LACTOSE IS THE PRINCIPLE CARBOHYDRATE FOUND IN
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MILK
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CELLULOSE IS THE CARBOHYDRATE THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN IN THE BODY AND IS THERFORE USED AS
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DIETARY FIBER
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FATS, STEROIDS, AND WAXES ALL BELONG TO THE CLASS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KNOWN AS
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LIPIDS
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THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF A FAT ARE ONE, TWO, OR THREE MOLECULES OF FATTY ACID BONDED TO A MOLECULE OF
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GLYCEROL
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THOSE FATS IN WHICH MORE HYDROGEN ATOMS COULD BE ACCOMMODATED IN THEIR FATTY ACID MOLECULES ARE SAID TO BE
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UNSATURATED
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THE TISSUE IN HUMANS WHERE FAT IS STORED IN LARGE GOBULES IS CALLED
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ADIPOSE TISSUE
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A DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS IS A PROCESS IN WHICH FATTY ACIDS ARE LINKED TO GLYCEROL MOLECULES WITH THE REMOVAL OF
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WATER
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EVERY FATTY ACID CONTAINS AN ORGANIC ACID GROUP AND NUMEROUS -OH GROUPS KNOWN AS
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HYDROXYL GROUPS
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DURING THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS, FATS ARE BROKEN DOWN TO YIELD FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL BY THE ENZYME
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LIPASE
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THE FOUR COMPONENT ELEMENTS OF ALL AMINO ACIDS ARE CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, AND
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NITROGEN
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THE NUMBER OF DIFFERENT AMINO ACIDS COMPOSING VIRTUALLY ALL PROTEINS IN THE BODY IS
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20
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WHEN AMINO ACIDS LINK TOGETHER TO FORM A PROTEIN, THE LINKAGE BINDING THEM IS CALLED A(N)
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PEPTIDE BOND
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PROTEINS ARE USED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CELLULAR PARTS AND FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICAL CATALYSTS KNOWN AS
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ENZYMES
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EVERY AMINO ACID MOLECULE HAS AN AMINO GROUP AND AND ORGANIC ACID GROUP REPRESENTED AS
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-COOH
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THE LINKING OF AMINO ACIDS TOGETHER TO FORM A PEPTIDE OCCURS BY THE PROCESS OF
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DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
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SUPPORTING AND STRENGTHENING MATERIALS OF THE BODY, COMPOSED IN PART OF PROTEIN, INCLUDE BONE, TENDONS, LIGAMENTS, AND
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CARTILAGE
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TWO HORMONES OF THE BODY THAT ARE COMPOSED EXCLUSIVELY OF PROTEIN ARE HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE AND
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INSULIN
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WHEN PROTEINS ARE TO BE USED AS ENERGY SOURCES, THE CONVERSION TO AN ENERGY-YIELDING CMPOUND IS ACCOMPLISHED IN THE
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LIVER
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THE BUILDING BLOCKS THAT COMPOSE NUCLEIC ACIDS ARE CALLED
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NUCLEOTIDES
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THE MATERIAL OF WHICH THE GENES ARE COMPOSED IS
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DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)
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THE NITROGENOUS BASE URACIL IS FOUND ONLY IN THE NUCLEIC ACID CALLED
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RIBONUCLEIC ACID
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THE NITROGENOUS BASES ADENINE AND GUANINE BELONG TO A CLASS OF MOLECULES CALLED
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PURINES
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IN THE DOUBLE HELIX OF DNA, ADENINE AND THYMINE STAND OPPOSITE ONE ANOTHER, AND THE OTHER TWO BASES THAT STAND OPPOSITE EACH OTHER ARE
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GUANINE AND CYTOSINE
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THE DOUBLE HELIX FORM THAT DNA TAKES RESEMBLES A SPIRAL
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STAIRCASE
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EVERY HUMAN CELL, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS AND REPRODUCTIVE CELLS, CONTAINS A SET OF CHROMOSOMES NUMBERING
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46
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AFTER DNA REPLICATION, ONE OLD STRAND IS UNITED WITH ONE NEW STRAND MADE BY THE PROCESS CALLED
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SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
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THE BACKBONE OF THE DNA MOLECULE CONSISTS OF PHOSPHATE GROUPS AND MOLECULES OF THE CARBOHYDRATE
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DEOXYRIBOSE
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