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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Retrovirus
Characteristics |
Enveloped
+ssRNA RT, RNA dependent DNA-poly dsDNA integrated into host |
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Retrovirus
Nucleocapsid Contents |
2 copies ssRNA
RT integrase 2 tRNA, which are primers for RT |
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Retrovirus
Simple proteins (4) |
LTR - long terminal repeats; contain promoters, enhancers, and other TF
gag - group specific antigent; internal structural proteins pol - polymerase, protease, integrase env - envelope |
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Retrovirus
Complex virus |
all proteins of simple virus plus accessory genes
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Retroviridae
Deltaretrovirus |
HTLV1 and HTLV 2
onco, acute leukemia |
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Retroviridae
Lentivirus |
HIV
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Retroviridae
sub fam spumaretrovirinae |
human foamy virus, first discovered but has not been shown to cause humas disease
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Retroviridae
sub fam orthoretrovirinae |
RNA tumor viruses
leukemias, sarcoma, and lymphomas |
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Retroviridae
sub fam orthoretrovirinae Type 1: acute leukemia and sarcoma viruses |
rapid onset
no know human infections, birds host cell growth control factors (proto-oncogenes) DIRECTLY CAUSE CELLULAR TRANSFORMATION not cytlytic |
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Retroviridae
sub fam orthoretrovirinae Type 2: leukemia |
long latency period (up 2 30 yrs)
transcriptional regulator (Tax), which promotes LTR INDIRECTLY PROMOTE CELL GROWTH |
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Retroviridae
sub fam orthoretrovirinae Type 2: leukemia HTLV-1 |
acute T cell lymphocytic leukemia adn tropical spastic paraparesis
spread by blood transfusion and sex CD4 monoclonal; 1 in 20 affected fatal |
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Retroviridae
sub fam orthoretrovirinae Type 2: leukemia HTLV-2 |
atyical forms of hairy cell leukemia
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Retroviridae
sub fam orthoretrovirinae Type 2: leukemia HTLV-5 |
isolated form malignant cutaneous lymphoma
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Retroviridae
Lentivirus Characteristics |
slow onset
neurological and immunosuppresison HIV 1 and HIV 2 |
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Retroviridae
Lentivirus Transmission |
Smashin'
perinatal and breast milk, reduced with prophylaxis blood transfusion occupation |
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Retroviridae
Lentivirus Viral Genes |
gag: p24
pol: RT env: gp120 and gp41 tat: activate transcription |
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ORTHORETROVIRINAE!!
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oncoviruses, immortalize
LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE |
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LENTIVIRINAE!!
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slow
LYMPHOCYTOSIS |
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HIV life cycle
8 steps |
1. recognition and attachment - gp120 binds to CD4
2. fusion of envelope: gp41 3. nucleocapsid relased into cytoplasm 4. RT makes dsDNA; tRNA is primer; RNA degrades 5. dsDNA into nucleus/host DNA. dormant until becomes lytic. 6. mRNA synthesized, viral enz., structural proteins make. 7. proteases process proteins 8. envelope proteins, bud out of cell |
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HIV
Epi |
54K new cases/year
2 mil global deaths/year 1.3 mil infections in US 34 mil in world only HIV 1 in us, isolated in '84 |
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HIV
Clinical |
CD4 on lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages
Also dendritic cells of skin and alveolar macrophages |
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HIV
Course |
Median time to AIDS is 10 years; depends on virulence
NOT TRUE LATENCY PERIOD |
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HIV
Lab Tests |
ELISA routine screening
6 mts for seroconversion. |
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HIV
Lab Tests confirmation |
Western Blot for confirmation
2 of 3 proteins must be present: p24, gp120/160, gp41 |
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HIV
Lab Tests |
RNA from serum, PCR
test for viral load to test fo rprognosis and therapeutic efficacy |
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HIV
Lab Tests |
Rapid tests accurate and quick but require confirmation
ora-quick uni-gold reveal g2 multispot |
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HIV
Treatment |
Combination therapy
2 RT and one protease one drugs with 3 RT (Trizivir) Resistance is common |
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HIV
Drugs |
Nucleoside RT inhibitors
AZT - Retrovir; can lead to anemia ddI - Videx; can lead to pancreatitis Non-nucloside RTI Efavirenz - Sustiva; CNS effects, vivid dreams Protease Inhibitors - GI Issues Fusion Inhibitors |
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PtO Virus
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Penis to Oral Virus
(aka Ryan's disease) |
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Today, my girlfriend dumped me proclaiming she wanted someone more like her "Edward". I asked her who Edward was. She held up a copy her "Twilight" book. She was talking about a fictional vampire.
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FML
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