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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's spontaneous breathing?
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patient turns off and on machine, can breath on their own.
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What determines ventilation?
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minute volume
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How can Ti be increased?
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by adjusting flow
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What's cardiac output?
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amount of blood pumped in 1 minute (4-8L)
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Process of ventilation?
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moving air in and out of lung
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What's alveolar ventilation?
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amount of air that reaches alveoli
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How do you evaluate ventilation?
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by looking at C02
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Why do we breath?
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to maintain C02 level of 40
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What's minute volume?
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amount of air moved in and out of lungs in 1 minute
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Formula for minute alveolar ventilation?
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Vt-VD*RR
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What does minute alveolar ventilation determine?
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effectiveness of ventilation, is reflected in C02
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Result of hyperventilation?
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decreased C02
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Result of hypoventilation?
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increased C02
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How can Pac02 be corrected?
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decrease or increase Vt or RR
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What's oxygenation?
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process of moving 02 to the tissues
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Causes of hypoxemia?
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hypoventilation
decreased inspired 02 shunts from atlectasis pulmonary edema pneumonia ARDS decreased surface area fills with fluid decreased diffusion time diffusion defects (fibrosis, emphysema) poor distribution from ventilation |
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How can hypoxemia/02 diffusion problems be corrected?
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can increase Fi02 (works by increased partial pressure)
can add PIP (increase SA) increase Ti (longer time for diffusion) increased Vt increased mean airway pressure (increased 02) |
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What happens when Fi02 is increased?
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will increase partial pressure of alveoli, higher pressure gradient, increased 02 will diffuse
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What happens when hypoventilation is involved?
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patient will be hypoxemic
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What's a shunt?
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blood flow but no ventilation
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How to decrease a shunt?
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add PEEP, recruit alveoli
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Why is a patient on a ventilator?
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they're in respiratory failure. Lungs are not doing their job
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What can be an indicator to put a patient on mechanical ventilator?
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PaC02>50
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What's respiratory failure?
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inability of lungs to provide 02 to tissues
(P02 < 50 on FI02 > 60) |
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What's the 50-60 rule?
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respiratory failure (needs to be on ventilator)
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What is mechanical ventilation?
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supports patient's ventilation need by artificial means. Ventilation applies positive pressure to airways during inspiration until preset volume, preset pressure or preset time is achieved or reached. Patient is then allowed to exhale passively and cycle is repeated.
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What's full ventilatory support?
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the ventilator does all the work necessary to keep effective alveolar ventilation.
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What's partial ventilatory support?
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patient and ventilator share work of breathing necessary to keep alveolar ventilation
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Respiratory external?
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happens in lung at the alveolar level
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Where does internal respiration occur?
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at intracellular level where 02 is moved into tissues and out of the bloodstream
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What's a mandatory breath?
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ventilation support started by vent and ends it
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What's spontaneous breath?
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ventilatory support breath ended or started by the patient.
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What's PIP?
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increased pressure production during inspiration phase
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What's peak pressure?
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sum of pressure necessary to overcome airway resistance and inflate alveoli.
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plateau pressure (aleveolar pressure)
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pressure required to inflate the alveoli in volume ventilation, the plateau pressure is always lower than peak pressure
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What's PIP?
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sum of pressure required to overcome Raw and inflate alveol
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If PIP increases and alveolar pressure stays the same then the increase in PIP is due to what?
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RAW
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What's oxygenation?
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providing adequate 02 to tissues
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What's cycled?
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whatever terminates inspiration and starts exhalation. can use pressure, time, volume and flow
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What happens when machine is pressure cycled?
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machine cuts on preset time and lets patient exhale
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What's mean airway pressure?
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average pressure during a breath, both inspiratory and expiratory
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Modes of ventilation?
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how vent delivers the breath or how the vent ventilates patient
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What is limit?
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something we limit during inspiratory phase but doesn't termnate the breath
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pressure control ventilation?
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pressure limited time cycled
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Trigger/sensitivity?
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what variable starts the breath. most common is flow triggered and pressure triggered.
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Assisted breath?
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when patient starts the breath but vent controls inspiratory phase and ends the breath
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pressure control ventilation
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patient triggered time cycled, pressure limited
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mean airway pressure equals?
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Ti + Te
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What are to vent graphics?
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pressure and flow volume?
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