Respiratory System A&p

Front 1

function of the respiratory system

Back 1

~gas exchange

Front 2

nose & mouth

Back 2

~allow air to flow in/out
~humidify inhaled air (reduce irritation)

Front 3

nares (nostrils)

Back 3

~contain olfactory receptor sites
~sense of smell

Front 4

paranasal sinuses

Back 4

~air-filled, cilia-lined cavities
~trap particles of foreign matter

Front 5

pharynx

Back 5

~passageway to GI/resp tracts
~maintains air pressure in middle ear
~humidifies/warms inhaled air
~traps foreign particles

Front 6

larynx

Back 6

~voice box
~connects upper/lower airways
~contains vocal cords (produce sounds)
~initiates cough reflex

Front 7

cough reflex

Back 7

~defense mechanism

Front 8

trachea

Back 8

~c-shaped cartilaginous rings (smooth muscle)
~connects larynx to bronchi

Front 9

bronchi

Back 9

~R/L large air passages lead to R/L lungs
~R slightly larger, more vertical

Front 10

bronchioles

Back 10

~smaller branches
~branch into terminal bronchioles/alveoli

Front 11

alveoli

Back 11

~clustered microscopic sacs enveloped by capillaries
~exchange/diffusion of gases
~contain surfactant

Front 12

surfactant

Back 12

~reduces surface tension/keeps 4m collapsing

Front 13

pleura

Back 13

~membrane covering lungs
~lines thoracic cavity
~pleural fluid lubs pleura to reduce friction during resp

Front 14

bronchoscopy

Back 14

~use bronchoscope to visualize trachea/bronchial tree
~PRE:fluids 6-12hrs
~informed consent
~POST:cough/gag reflex
~resp status
~mon 4 bradycardia (caused by vasovagal response)

Front 15

chest xray

Back 15

~pic of lung tissue

Front 16

pulmonary angiography

Back 16

~injec of radiopaque dye thru cath
~pic of pulm circulation
~PRE:allergies 2 iodine
~NPO 8hrs
~informed consent
~POST:peripheral neurovasc status
~check 4 bleeding
~no BP on extremity 24hrs

Front 17

sputum study

Back 17

~lab test provides microscopic eval of sputum 4 C&S, gramstain, acid-fast bacillus
~take first sample upon awakening

Front 18

thoracentesis

Back 18

~needle used 2 obtain intrapleural fluid 2 deter cause of infec or empyema
~PRE:informed consent
~semi-fowlers
~POST:assess resp status
~V/S freq
~position on affected side 1hr
~check 4 fluid leakage

Front 19

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Back 19

~measure lung vol, ventilation, diffusing capacity using spirometer
~no smoking/heavy meal 6hrs b4
~doc bronchodilators/opioids

Front 20

lung scan

Back 20

~uses inhalation/IV of radioisotopes to create image of blood flow in lungs
~allergies 2 iodine
~informed consent
~removal all metal objects
~check 4 bleeding

Front 21

Mantoux intradermal skin test

Back 21

~pt receives injec of tuberculin to detect tuberculosis antibodies
~doc any dermatitis/rashes
~doc Hx of past/present results
~doc date/time for follow-up reading (48-72hrs)
~pos: 10mm, redness, bump; not confirmed, only exposed 2 TB

Front 22

laryngoscopy

Back 22

~laryngoscope to visualize larynx
~PRE:informed consent
~NPO 8hrs
~sedatives
~POST:assess resp status/gag reflex

Front 23

lung biopsy

Back 23

~removal of small amt of lung tissue 4 histologic eval
~PRE:NPO 8hrs
~informed consent
~POST:V/S
~assess resp status
~check 4 bleeding

Front 24

R lung

Back 24

~3 lobes
~10 segments
~larger than L lobe

Front 25

L lung

Back 25

~2 lobes
~8 segments
~always compromised b/c smaller
~smaller b/c of heart

Front 26

ELISA

Back 26

~test for AIDs
~pos, neg: take test again
~pos, pos: take western blot
~neg, neg: no WB, retest qYear

Front 27

adult resp

Back 27

~12-20