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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ABGs
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arterial blood gases
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AFB
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acid-fast bacillus - the type of organism that causes tuberculosis
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ARDS
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acute respiratory distress syndrome
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BAL
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bronchioalveolar lavage
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Bronch
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bronchoscopy
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CF
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cystic fibrosis
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CO2
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carbon dioxide
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COPD
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disase
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CPAP
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continuous positive airway pressure
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CPR
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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C&S
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culture and sensitivity testing
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CTPA
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computed tomography pulmonary angiography
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CXR
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chest xray
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DLCO
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diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide
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DOE
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dyspnea or exertion
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DPT
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diptheria, pertussis, tetanus vacine
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REV1
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foced expiratory volume in 1 second
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FVC
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forced vital capacity - amount of gas that can be forcibly and rapidly exhaled after a full inspiration
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HCO3-
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bicarbonate - measured in blood to determine acidity or alkalinity
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ICU
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intensive are unity
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LLL
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left lower lobe (of lung)
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LUL
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left upper lobe of lung
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MDI
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metered-dose inhaler
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NSCLC
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non-small cell lung cancer
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OSA
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obstructive sleep apnea
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PaCO2
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carbon dioxide partial pressure - measure of the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
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PCP
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pneumocystis pneumonia - seen in AIDS satients
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PE
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pulmonary embolism
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PEP
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positive expiratory pressure - mechanical ventilator starategy in which patient takes a deep breath then exhales through a device that resists air flow - helps refill underventilated areas of the lung
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PEEP
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positive end-expiratory pressure - common mechanical ventilator setting in which airway pressure is maintained above atmospheric pressure
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PFTs
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pulmonary function tests
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PND
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paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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PPD
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purified protein derivative - substance used in a tuberculosis test
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RDS
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respiratory distress syndrome - newborn condition from absence of surfactant - causes dyspnea and cyanosis
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RLL
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right lower lobe (of lung)
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RSV
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respiratory syncytial virus - common cause of bronchiolitis, broncho-pneumonia, and the common cold, esp. in children
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RUL
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right upper lobe (of lung)
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RV
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residual - amount of air remaining in lungs at the end of maximal expiration
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SCLC
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small cell lung cancer
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SOB
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shortness of breath
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TB
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tuberculosis
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TLC
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total lung capacity - volume of air in lungs at the end of maximal inspiration
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URI
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upper respiratory infection
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Vt
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tidal volume - amount of air inhaled and exhaled during a normal ventilation
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VATS
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vido-assisted thoracic surgery (thoracoscopy)
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VC
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vital capacity - equals inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume plus tidal volume
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V/Q scan
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ventilation-perfusion scan - radioactive perfusion throught the lung capillaries (lung scan)
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hematopoietic stem cells
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cells in the bone marrow that become red and white blood cells
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5 types of immature blood cell that arise from hematopoietic stem cells
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erythroblast, myeloblast, monoblast, lymphoblast, megakaryoblast
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development phases of erythrocytes
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hematopoietic stem cell> erythroblast> normoblast> reticulocyte> erythrocyte
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development phases of granulocytes
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hematopoietic stem cell> myeloblast> myelocytes> band cells> basophils/neutrophils/eosinophils
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development phases of mononuclear agranulocytes
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hematopoietic stem cell> monoblast/lymphoblast> monocyte/lymphocyte
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development phases of platelets
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hemapoietic stem cell> megakaryoblast> megakaryocyte> platelets
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heme
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iron-containing pigment
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globin
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protein
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oxyhemoglobin
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combination of oxygen and hemoglobin
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erythropoietin
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hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells
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hemolysis
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macrophages in the spleen liver and bone marrow destroy worn-out erythrocytes
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breakdown components from hemolysis
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heme> bilirubin, iron
globin>protein |
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granulocytes/ polymorphonuclear leukocytes
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white blood cells with multi-lobed nuclei and granules
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basophils
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granulocyte containing granules of heparin and histamine, which stain dark
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heparin
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anti-clotting substance
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histamine
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chemical released in allergic responses
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eosinophils
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granulocyte with red staining granules which increase in number during allergic reaction, and engulf substance that triggers reaction
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neutrophils
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granulocytes with granules which do not stain intensely. Accumulate at sites of infection, ingest and destroy bacteria
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phagocyte
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a cell which engulfs, (eats) bacteria or foreign substance
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colony-stimulating factors
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specific proteins promote the growth of granulocytes in bone marrow - G-CSF and GM-CSF are given to cancer patients to restore granulocyte production
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polymorphonuclear agranulocytes
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neutrophils
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lymphocytes
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mononuclear leukocytes made in bone marrow and lymph nodes - attack foreign matter, and also make antibodies
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antigens
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foreign substances - bacteria dn viruses
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monocytes
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phagocytic cells which dispose of dead and dying cells and other tissue debris
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phagocytosis
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ingestion by a phagocyte
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megakaryocytes
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giant blood cells that form in blood marrow, and break up into platelets
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4 major plasma proteins
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albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, prothrombin
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fibrinogen
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clotting protein
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prothrombin
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clotting protein
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albumin
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maintains the proper proportion of water in the blood
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globulins - 3 types
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alpha, beta and gamma
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gamma globulins
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immunoglobulins - antibodies which bind to antigens.
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electrophoresis
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process of separating immunoglobulins from other plasma proteins by passing electrical current through plasma
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-apheresis
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S. to remove
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-poetin
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S. to create
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plasmapheresis
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process of separating plasma from cells, then removing plasma from patient. done by centrifuge
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packed red cells
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whole blood with most of the plasma removed
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disseminated intravascular coagulation
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life threatening condition following hemolysis in which excessive clots form in blood vessels, after transfusion of blood of a different type than that of the recipient
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coagulation
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blood clotting
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fibrin clot
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blood clot formed by fibrinogen, a plasma protein
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substances which help change fibrinogen into fibrin clot (5)
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tissue, clotting factors, plus calcium, prothrombin, thrombin
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hemophiliac
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persons missing important clotting factors, such as factor VIII or IX
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serum
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substance left behind after clot retracts into a tight ball
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anticoagulant
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substances that inhibit blood clotting, prevent blood clots from forming in blood vessels
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Heparin
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an anticoagulant
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2 anticoagulant drugs
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warfarin, Coumadin
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Rh factor
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antigen on red blood cells of Rh+ individuals
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thrombin
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enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
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