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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the major function of the respiratory system?
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Supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body.
http://youtu.be/hc1YtXc_84A |
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How is breathing related the ATP synthesis?
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The body needs oxygen to make ATP and carbon dioxide is a waste product of ATP synthesis.
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What are three minor/subsidiary functions of the respiratory system?
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1. Activates Angiotensin (ACE) (http://youtu.be/bY6IWVgFCrQ)
2. Heats & Humidifies Air 3. Protects the lungs from inhaled pathogens, particles, dust, and pollutants. |
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List the names of each structure of the respiratory system.
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- Nasal Cavity
- Nostril - Mouth - Pharynx - Larynx - Trachea - Bronchi - Lungs - Diaphragm - Other respiratory muscles and the chest wall (both rib cages and abdomen) |
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What are the three zones within the lung structure of the respiratory system?
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1. Conducting Zone
2. Transitional Zone 3. Respiratory Zone |
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State the structures, functions, and features of the Conducting Zone.
http://youtu.be/OIU7Mdx4DTg |
* Structure: upper airway, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
* Functions: - Get air into the millions of alveoli and in the right proportion. Our daily challenge is to get the air to move uniformly through EACH airway. - Humidify and filter air. * Features: Mucociliary Ladder - Mucous Glands - Ciliated Cells - Goblet Cells - Smooth Muscle - Cartilage |
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State the structure of the Transitional Zone.
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Respiratory Bronchioles.
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State the structures, functions, and features of the Respiratory Zone.
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* Structure: alveolar ducts and alveoli.
* Function: - Gas exchange occurs across thin and large surface area (Bronchioles are too thick to support gas exchange). - Maintains mechanical stability by synthesizing surfactant and connective tissue matrix proteins. * Features: - Type I Epithelial Cells (Lining Cells) - Type II Epithelial Cells (Makes Surfactants) - Macrophages - Fibroblasts |
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Explain the features of the bronchi and bronchioles.
http://youtu.be/TQ24-WCsYN4 |
Both have:
- Ciliated Cells = cells covered in tiny hair-like projections known as cilia (epithelial cells). - Smooth Muscle Unlike the bronchi, the bronchioles is thinner and does NOT have: - Mucous Glands/Goblet Cells - Cartilage |
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How is the cardiovascular system connected to the respiratory system?
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Blood flows from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to the pulmonary capillaries to the pulmonary vein to the left ventricle. Blood in the pulmonary artery is de-oxygenated. Blood picks up oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide in the pulmonary capillaries and returns to the left heart oxygenated.
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List and briefly explain the steps of respiration.
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1. Ventilation; exchange of air between ATMOSPHERE and ALVEOLI by bulk flow.
2. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between ALVEOLAR AIR and BLOOD in the lung capillaries by diffusion. 3. Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide through SYSTEMIC/PULMONARY CIRCULATION by bulk flow. 4. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between BLOOD IN TISSUE CAPILLARIES and TISSUE CELLS by diffusion. 5. Cellular utilization of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide. |
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Define "Minute Ventilation" and how do we calculate this?
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= the amount of air a person breathes per minute (Ve)
Minute Ventilation = Ve = Vt x f Vt = tidal volume (size of a breath) f = frequency (number of breaths/min) |
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How does exercise affect minute ventilation?
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Define "Alveolar Ventilation" and how do we calculate this?
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= the amount of fresh air that reaches the gas exchange region of the lung per minute (Va).
Alveolar Ventilation = Va = (Vt x Vd) x f Vt = tidal volume (size of a breath) Vd = dead space. Anatomic Dead Space is the volume of all the airways that are not involved in gas exchange. f = frequency (number of breaths/min) |
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True/False:
Your lungs are empty at the end of each breathe. |
False.
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What causes dead space to change?
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1. Physiologic Dead Space; loss of blood flow to a ventilated region of the lung.
= Volume of any air spaces that do not receive a blood supply plus the anatomic dead space. = Examples include pulmonary embolism or emphysema. 2. Equipment Dead Space; breathing through a piece of equipment. = Volume of any equipment between the subject and the atmosphere. = Examples include snorkel, tubes from a ventilator, and mask used in certain occupational settings. |
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How is air circulation related to the principle of partial pressure?
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Partial Pressure of a Gas (P) = fraction of the molecules in the air that are that gas x atmospheric pressure.
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