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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what could be some causes of hypoxemia while having a increased A-a gradient
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V/Q mismatch, diffusion limitation and right-to-left shunt
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what could be some causes of hypoxia
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anemia, cyanide poisoning and CO poisoning
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no improvement of O2 sat with 100% oxygen
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shunt
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improvement of O2 sat with 100% oxygen
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dead space
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where does TB prefer to be in the lung and why?
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TB will hide out in the apex of the lung because the O2 content in higher here (less O2 is being pulled out)
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this disease is characterized by hypertrophy of mucous secreting glands of the bronchioles and a reid index of >50%
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Chronic bronchitis
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how long must you have a productive cough in order to be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis
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> 3 consecutive months in >/+ 2 years
this is a disease of small airways |
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central acinar emphysema vs panacinar emphysema
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central acinar = smoking
panacinar = alpha 1-AT deficiency (also will see liver problems here as well) |
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visualization of a patient's lung shows a large bullae present... what is this disease called? what is the patient at risk of?
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this is bullous emphesema... the person is at risk of rupture of this bulla leading to spontaneous pneumothorax
(classic tall, thin smoking male) |
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FEV1: FVC decreased (<75%)
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COPD (obstructive lung disease)
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FEV1: FVC is normal but total lung capacity is greatly decreased (3 L)
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restrictive
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stroke following a long bone injury? stroke following endocarditis? PE following a long plane ride? DIC following pregnancy?
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stroke following a long bone injury = fat embolus
stroke following endocarditis = bacterial embolus PE following a long plane ride = stasis thrombus DIC following pregnancy = amniotic fluid leading to DIC |
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name the "greuling" effects of sarcoidosis
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Granulomas
Rheumatoid arthritis Uveitis (eye) erythema nodosum (tibial) Lymphadenopathy (hilar, bilateral) idiopathic NOT TB gamma globulinemia (ACE increase) |
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what do patients with silicosis need to be warned about?
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increased susceptibility to TB (this is because the silica may disrupt phagolysosomes and impair macrophages)
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differentiate between the locations of silicosis, coal miner's lung and asbestosis
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coal miner's and silicosis are upper lung lobe disease
asbestosis is a lower lung lobe disease |
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what are the S's of squamous cell CA of the lung
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squamous cell
central smoking |
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which type of cancer will produce PTHrP?
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squamous cell CA of the lung
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how do you treat small cell CA of the lung? large cell?
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small cell CA of lung responds to chemo
large cell CA can be removed via surgery |
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most common lung cancer in NON-smokers and females
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adenocarcinoma of the lung
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which lung cancer is associated with ectopic production of ACTH or ADH
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this paraneoplastic syndrome is caused by small cell CA
hint: high dose dexamethasone suppresion test will NOT cause a decrease in ACTH secretion in this case |
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which way will the trachea be pointing in a tension pneumothorax? spontaneous?
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walk AWAY from the tension: in tension pneumo the trachea will deviate away from the side of the puncture
in spontaneous pneumo the trachea will deviate towards the lesion |
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common cause of pneumonia in immunocomprimised patients
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pneumocystis jiroveci
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most common cause of atypical pneumonia
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mycoplasma pneumonia
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common causitive agent for pneumonia in alchoholics
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Klebsiella
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can causse an interstitial pneumonia in bird handlers
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chlamydia psitacii
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often the cause of pneumonia in a patient with a hx of exposure to bats or bird droppings
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histoplasma
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often the cause of pneumonia in a pateint who has recently visited SC, NM, or TX
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coccidiodes
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q fever
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Coxiella burnettii
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associated with pneumonia in children 1 year or younger
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RSV
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MC cause of pneumonia in neonates?
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Group B strep or E.coli
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most common cause of pneumonia in children and young adults (including college kids, military recruits and prison inmates)
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Mycoplasma pneumonia
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common case of pneumonia in patients with other health problems
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Klebsiella
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most common cause of viral pneumonia
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RSV
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causes a wool-sorter's disease (life threateing pneumonia)
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Bacillus antracis
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endogenous flora in 20% of adults
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Strep pneumo
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common cause of COPD exacerbation
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H. flu
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common pneumonia in ventilator patients and those with CF
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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pontiac fever
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legionnella
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MC cause of lobar pneumonia
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strep pneumo and Klebsiella
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MC cause of bronchopneumonia
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Staph aureus, H.flu, Klebsiella and Strep pyogenes
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MC cause of interstitial pneumonia
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RSV and adenoviruses, mycoplasma, legionella and chlamydia
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