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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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passageway for air to pass to and from the lungs; filters impurities, humidifies and warms the air as it is inhaled |
nose |
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external openings of the nasal cavities; allow air to enter the nose and pass into the nasal cavity |
nostrils/nares |
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nasal cavity is aka |
vestibule |
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hair-like projections that helps filter the air |
vibrissae |
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narrow vertical divider that separates the right and left nasal cavities |
nasal septum |
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form the upper chambers of the nasal cavities that function to increase the surface area of nasal cavities, thus providing for rapid warming and humidification or air as it passes the lungs |
conchae |
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four bony cavities; serve as a resonating chamber in speech; speech production; common site of infection |
paranasal sinuses |
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types of sinuses |
frontal sinus ethmoid sinus maxillary sinus sphenoid sinus |
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pain above the eyebrows |
frontal sinusitis |
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pain in or around the eyes |
ethmoid sinusitis |
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pain around the cheeks |
maxillary sinusitis |
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pain behind the eyes |
sphenoid sinusitis |
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type of sinusitis after an allergic reaction |
acute sinusitis |
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type of sinusitis 2 weeks after upper respiratory tract infection |
chronic sinusitis |
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type of sinusitis that readily infects the mucous membrane of the sinus; no antibiotics given |
viral sinusitis |
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inflammation of the sinuses |
sinusitis |
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4 common causative organism |
streptococcus pneumoniae haemophilus influenzae moraxella catarrhalis candida albicans |
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catarrhal symptoms |
runny nose, headache, ear pain, fever |
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DOC for sinusitis pain |
codeine (narcotic) |
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side effects of codeine |
constipation - increase OFI drowsiness - do not drive priority: safety |
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why not use aspirin to relieve pain? |
patient may develop nasal polyps |
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DOC for antibiotics |
amoxicillin 7-10 days |
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DOC for nasal congestion |
dimetapp sudafed (24-72 hrs) |
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serves as opening to respi and GI system; connects nasal and oral cavities |
pharynx |
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3 regions of the pharynx |
nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx |
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muscular, box shaped passageway above the roof of mouth (soft palate); allows air to pass from nose into windpipe to lungs; this is where NGT is inserted |
nasopharynx |
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back part of the tongue; tonsils; and the sides and walls of the throat |
oropharynx |
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extends from hyoid bone to cricoid cartilage; regulates the passage of air to the lungs and food & fluid to the esophagus flap
point at which the pharynx divides anteriorly to the larynx; posteriorly into the esophagus |
laryngopharynx |
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flap of cartilage located in the throat in the throat behind the tongue; in front of the larynx; keeps the food and liquid from getting into the respiratory system |
epiglottis |
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epiglottis closes when we |
eat |
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epiglottis opens when we |
speak |
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lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat; filters out bacteria to prevent infection in the body cause |
tonsils |
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cause of tonsillitis |
GABHS |
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when to schedule for tonsillectomy |
tonsillitis for 3-4 times in a year |
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tonsillitis can progress to ___ if not treated |
acute glumerulonephritis (AGN) to renal failure rheumatic heart disease (RHD) |
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recommended position after tonsillectomy when unconscious |
prone, head towards the side to promote secretions |
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recommended position after tonsillectomy when conscious |
semi fowlers |
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s/sx of hemorrhage after tonsillectomy |
frequent swallowing (melena) hypotension hemoptysis/hematemesis restlessness decreased level of consciousness |
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why is milk contraindicated after tonsillectomy |
makes the secretion viscous |
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why is aspirin contraindicated after tonsillectomy |
aspirin is a blood thinner |
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expected color of stool after tonsillectomy |
black tarry stool or melena |
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why do we avoid red/dark colored juices or beverages after tonsillectomy |
it conceals the s/sx of bleeding |
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why do we need to avoid coughing, sneezing, and blowing of nose for 1-2 wks after tonsillectomy Bo |
it causes wound dehiscence |
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voice box; vocalization; cartilaginous epithelium-lined structure that connects the pharynx and the trachea; facilitates coughing |
larynx |
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hallmark of laryngeal cancer |
persistent hoarseness of voice due to: excessive smoking hereditary |
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smooth muscle with c-shaped rings of cartilage at regular intervals; contains of 16-20 cartilages |
trachea |
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hallmark of laryngeal CA |
persistent hoarseness of voice |
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paired elastic structures enclosed in the thoracic cage; major organ of respiratory system |
lungs |
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right lung has ___ lobes |
3, and is slightly larger |
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left lung has ___ lobes |
2 |
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s/sx of tonsillitis |
dysphagia throat complains when drinking acidic/hot beverages ear pain halitosis fever |
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nursing interventions for tonsillitis |
warm saline gargle increase OFI provide ice/cold fluids |
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after to the total laryngectomy, pt will |
LL inability to: BSWGV |
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it is a paired elastic structure that is enclosed in a thoracic cage; a MAJOR organ of the RS |
lungs |
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FBEQ!!! predisposing factors of lung CA |
SAH |
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warning signs of lung CA |
persistent hacking nonproductive cough hemoptysis rusty colored sputum chest & arm pain |
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late signs of lung CA |
WAWA |
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removal of the lung |
pneumonectomy |
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FBEQ!!! recommended position after pneumonectomy: |
towards the AFFECTED side to promote lung expansion & prevent the leakage of fluid |
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contraindication in pneumonectomy |
chest tube - causes tension in the pneumothorax that can lead to MEDIASTINAL SHIFT full side lying |
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it is the deviation of the organs into one side due to tension pneumothorax |
mediastinal shift |
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removal of lobe |
lobectomy |
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removal of lobe |
lobectomy |
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FBEQ!!! recommended position in lobectomy |
towards the UNAFFECTED SIDE to promote re-expansion of the affected parts of the lung |
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middle of the thorax between the pleural vacs that contain the 2 lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column |
mediastinum |
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serous membrane that lines the lungs and wall of the thorax |
pleura |
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serous membrane that lines the lungs and wall of the thorax; lubricates the thorax and lungs & permit smooth motion of the lungs |
pleura |
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amount of liquid in the pleural space |
10-20 ml |
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inflammation of the lung tissues |
pneumonia |
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diagnostic test for pneumonia |
sputum culture chest x-ray |
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accumulation of fluid in the pleural space |
pleural effusion |
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water in pleural space |
hydrothorax |
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blood in pleural space |
hemothorax |
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air in pleural thorax |
pneumothorax |
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air in pleural space |
pneumothorax |
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inflammation of pleural space |
pleurisy |
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accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity |
empyema |
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removal of fluid/air in the pleural space |
thoracentesis |
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amount to be removed in thoracentesis |
60-1000 ml |
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FBEQ!!! recommended position DURING thoracentesis |
SULF |
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FBEQ!!! recommended position AFTER thoracentesis |
towards the UNAFFECTED side to prevent leakage of fluid |
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FBEQ!!! recommended position AFTER thoracentesis |
towards the UNAFFECTED side to prevent leakage of fluid |
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large tubes that connect air to the lungs; directs the air to the lungs |
bronchi |
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FBEQ!!! recommended position AFTER thoracentesis |
towards the UNAFFECTED side to prevent leakage of fluid |
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large tubes that connect air to the lungs; directs the air to the lungs |
bronchi |
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smaller branches of the bronchial airways in the lower respiratory tract; leads to small air sacs “alveoli” |
bronchioles |
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tiny air sacs; about 300 are arranged in the clusters of 15 to 20; has 3 types; SITE OF GAS EXCHANGE |
alveoli |
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epithelial cells; forms the alveolar walls; majority of GAS EXCHANGE |
type 1 |
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metabolically active; secretes LUNG SURFACTANT |
type 2 |
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metabolically active; secretes LUNG SURFACTANT |
type 2 |
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it is a phospholipid that lines the inner surface of the alveolar; prevents alveolar collapse; indicates lung maturity |
lung surfactant |
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metabolically active; secretes LUNG SURFACTANT |
type 2 |
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it is a phospholipid that lines the inner surface of the alveolar; prevents alveolar collapse; indicates lung maturity |
lung surfactant |
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LS ratio |
2:1 |
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metabolically active; secretes LUNG SURFACTANT |
type 2 |
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it is a phospholipid that lines the inner surface of the alveolar; prevents alveolar collapse; indicates lung maturity |
lung surfactant |
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LS ratio |
2:1 |
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prone to ARDS |
immature lungs |
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metabolically active; secretes LUNG SURFACTANT |
type 2 |
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it is a phospholipid that lines the inner surface of the alveolar; prevents alveolar collapse; indicates lung maturity |
lung surfactant |
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LS ratio |
2:1 |
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prone to ARDS |
immature lungs |
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DOC for immature lungs |
betamethasone dexamethasone
(corticosteroids) |
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macrophages are large phagocytic cells that ingest foreign matter |
type 3 |
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FBEQ!!! overdistention of the alveoli |
hallmark: barrel chest increased AP diameter |
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FBEQ!!! safest amount of O2 to be administered |
1-2 to not depress the normal drive or mechanism of breathing |
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FBEQ!!! diet for emphysema |
increase protein - for repair of diameter lung tissue low carbs - low fat Co2 biproduct increase vit C - to boost immune system |
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acid base imbalance |
respiratory acidosis |
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refers to the dilatation of the brionchioles |
bronciectasis |
