Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are antitussives mechanism of action?
|
inhibit cough center in medulla
|
|
What are antitussives used for?
|
dry, non-productive cough
|
|
Who would not be given an antitussive?
|
someone that would benefit from coughing
|
|
What are expectorants used for?
|
productive cough
|
|
What do expectorants do?
|
decrease viscosity of bronchial secretions to make it easier to move mucous up and out
|
|
What are mucolytics used for?
|
to treat thick, viscous secretions seen in cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis
|
|
What do mucolytics do?
|
break down chemical structure of mucus molecules which makes the mucus thinner and easier to get out
|
|
What should you do before and after giving a mucolytic?
|
asculate lung sounds
|
|
What are antihistamines mechanism of action?
|
prevent histamine activity, not histamine release
|
|
When should antihistamines be taken?
|
before exposure to block receptor sites before allergy attack
|
|
What are the contraindications for antihistamines?
|
cardiovascular d/s
hyperthyroidism glaucoma UT d/s diabetes peptic ulcer d/s seizures depression severe kidney or liver impairment |
|
What are the side/adverse effects of the first generation antihistamines?
|
dry nose and mouth, thickened and reduced secretions, drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, blurred vision, epigastric distress, constipation, hypotension, palpitations
|
|
Are antihistamines useful for anaphylaxis?
|
no
|
|
What are the side/adverse effects of second generation antihistamines?
|
H/A, nausea, dry mouth, fatigue
|
|
What are the three types of bronchodilators?
|
anticholinergics
beta agonist methylxanthines |
|
What are bronchodilators used for?
|
to treat reversible airway obstruction and bronchospasm associated with COPD and asthma
|
|
Are anticholinergics rescue drugs?
|
no they're slow, long acting drugs
|
|
How do anticholinergics work?
|
block parasympathetic nervous system which decreases the response to Ach which relieves bronchial spasms
stimulate beta 2 receptors in lungs which leads to bronchodilation |
|
What are beta-adrenergtic agonist?
|
bronchodilators
|
|
How are beta-agonist classified?
|
by receptors
onset and duration |
|
If the beta-agonist stimulates alpha 1 what effect will occur?
|
vasoconstriction of arterioles and venules which increases BP and heart contractility
|
|
If the beta-agonist stimulates beta 1 what effect will occur?
|
increased HR and contraction
|
|
If the beta-agonist stimulates beta 2 what effect will occur?
|
bronchodilation
|
|
Which receptors do non-selective beta-agonist stimulate?
|
alpha 1, beta 1 and beta 2
have a lot of side effects |
|
Which receptors do non-selective beta beta-agonist stimulate?
|
beta 1 and beta 2
heart and lungs |
|
Which receptors do selective beta 2 beta-agonist stimulate?
|
beta 2
produce less side effects |
|
What kind of drug are the ultra short acting?
|
rescue
|
|
What kind of drug are the short acting?
|
rescue and maintenance
|
|
What kind of drug is the intermediate acting?
|
maintenance
|
|
What kind of drug is the long acting?
|
maintenance
|
|
What are methylxanthines?
|
bronchodilators
|
|
How do methylxanthines work?
|
stimulates respiration and dilate pulmonary vessels which relax pulmonary vascular smooth muscle
also stimulate CNS, dilate coronary vessels and cause diuresis |
|
Are methylxanthines used as maintenance or rescue?
|
can be used for both depending on the dose and route
|
|
What are the adverse reactions of beta-agonist and methylxanthines?
|
CNS stimulation
tachycardia HTN angina palpitations arrhythmias blurred vision dry mouth constipation hyperglycemia respiratory failure |
|
What does BASS stand for?
|
beta-agonist first
anticholinergic steriod mast cell stabilizer |
|
How do antileukotrines work?
|
prevent leukotrines from attaching to receptors located on circulating cells and cells within the lungs
some block the enzyme that synthesizes leukotrienes |
|
What are antileukotrines used for?
|
maintenance therapy for chronic asthma
|
|
What are the adverse effects of antileukotrines?
|
H/A
cough nasal congestion GI upset churg-strauss syndrome |
|
How do glucocorticoid steroids work?
|
reduce inflammation and mucus secretion
|
|
What are the side effects of glucocorticoid steroids?
|
sore throat
hoarseness dry mouth pharyngeal and laryngeal fungal infections can occur |
|
What are mast cell stabilizers used for?
|
prevention of bronchospasms and bronchial asthma attacks
|
|
How do mast cell stabilizers work?
|
stabilizing mast cells that would normally release histamines and other mediators in response to an allergen
not used for acute attacks |
|
What are the side effects of mast cell stabilizers?
|
dry throat, cough, wheezing and bad taste in mouth
|
|
How do antituberculars work?
|
inhibits cell wall and protein synthesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
|
What is always used for active TB?
|
multidrug therapy
|
|
What are the side affects of antituberculars?
|
liver damage possible
peripheral neuritis optic neuritis nausea, vomiting |
|
Why would B6 be taken?
|
to prevent peripheral neuritis
|