Respiratory Drugs

Front 1

Name the medications used for asthma.

Back 1

Bronchodilators:
Beta 2 agonists
1. Short acting inhaled- Albuterol
2. Long acting inhaled- Serevent
3. Oral beta2 agonist- albuterol

Front 2

MOA of Albuterol

Back 2

Activates beta2 adrenergic receptors in smooth muscle of lungs causing bronchodilation. Relaxes muscles to relieve bronchospasms.

Front 3

IND: INH Albuterol

Back 3

-Acute asthma attacks, acute bronchospasms
-Excacerbation of COPD, prohylaxis of excercise induced asthma

Front 4

IND: po Albuterol

Back 4

long term control--not used alone

Front 5

PK: INH Albuterol

Back 5

-fast onset of action, <5 min
-peak in 30-60 min
-duration 3-5 hours
-used prn: 1-2 puffs, 3-4x.day

Front 6

PK: po Albuterol

Back 6

3-4x/day

Front 7

AE: INH Albuterol

Back 7

-minimal systemic effects: incr HR, palpitations, tremors

Front 8

AE: po Albuterol

Back 8

>adverse effects- incr HR, palpitations, angina, tremors.

Front 9

MOA of Serevent

Back 9

long acting, long term control

Front 10

IND for Serevent

Back 10

-prophylactic acute asthma or COPD
-nocturnal asthma

Front 11

PK of Serevent

Back 11

-dosing fixed, not used alone
-slower onset, 30 min
-duration, 12 hrs

Front 12

AE of Serevent

Back 12

minimal AE--can see slight incr HR, tremors.

Front 13

MOA of Methylxathines: Theophylline

Back 13

relax bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation. Also causes some dec in inflammation, inc ability of cilia to clear mucus.

Front 14

IND of Theophylline: po

Back 14

maintenance tx for chronic asthma

Front 15

IND of Theophylline: IV

Back 15

acute attacks, emergency use only.

Front 16

Serum Levels: Theophylline

Back 16

Narrow therapeutic range. po 2-3x/day.

Front 17

AE of Theophylline

Back 17

at therapeutic levels: n/v, restlessness, insomnia
at toxic levels: severe dysrhythmias, seizures, cardioresp failure.

Front 18

DI of Theophylline

Back 18

-caffeine
-smoking
-phenobarbital, dilantin
-cimetidine

Front 19

Name all meds for Anticholinergics

Back 19

-Short acting: used for asthma--Atrovent
-Long acting: used for COPD--Spiriva

Front 20

MOA for Atrovent

Back 20

blocks muscarinic receptors in bronchi causing bronchodilation.

Front 21

IND for Atrovent

Back 21

-COPD
-chronic asthma
-excercise induced asthma

Front 22

PK for Atrovent

Back 22

-action -<5mins
-duration - 6hrs
-used alone or in combo with beta 2 agonist--2 MDIs. Or combined in one MDI as Combivent or nebulizer med Duoneb.

Front 23

AE for Atrovent

Back 23

minimal--dry mouth, irritation of the pharynx

Front 24

Name all anti-inflammatory meds

Back 24

-Glucocorticoids
-Inhaled glucocorticoids
-Oral glucocorticoids:Prednisone
-Mast Cell stabilizers
-Leukotriene Modifiers

Front 25

MOA of Glucocorticoids

Back 25

suppress inflammation in airways, leads to a dec in bronchial hyperreactivity. Dec synthesis and release of anti-inflammatory mediators, dec mucus production and inc number and sensitivity of beta 2 receptors.

Front 26

IND of Inhaled Glucocorticoids

Back 26

-prophylaxis of chronic asthma, COPD.
-fixed schedule, 2-4 puffs, 2x/day. Not used for acute attacks.

Front 27

AE of Inhaled Glucocoricoids

Back 27

-irritation of pharynx
-oropharyngeal candidiasis
-dysphonia

Front 28

IND for Oral Glucocorticoid-Prednisone

Back 28

-tx of asthma, COPD exacerbation--short term use 5-7 days, taper
-prophylaxis for chronic asthma, COPD--long term

Front 29

AE for Oral Glucocorticoid-Prednisone

Back 29

short term/acute: insomnia, mood swings, nausea
long-term:
-PUD
-immunosuppression
-adrenal suppression
-osteoporosis
-fluid and e-lyte imbalances
-hyperglycemia

Front 30

Def of Mast Cell Stabilizers/ Cromolyn/Intal

Back 30

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. Prevent release of bronchoconstrictive and inflammatory substances from mast cells.

Front 31

MOA of Cromolyn/Intal

Back 31

suppresses inflammation by stabilizing cystoplasmic membrane of mast cells, prevents release of histammine and other mediators.

Front 32

IND of Cromolyn/Intal

Back 32

prophylaxis of chronic asthma, excercise induced asthma, po 1x/day

Front 33

AE of Mast Cell Stabilizers

Back 33

well tolerated

Front 34

Def of Leukotriene Modifiers

Back 34

reduce effects of leukotrienes. Leukotrienes cause bronchoconstriction, inc mucus secretion and mucosal edema.

Front 35

MOA of Montelukast/Singulair

Back 35

leukotriene antagonist, blocks leukotriene receptors, prevents release of leukotrienes. Causing bronchodilation, decr in mucus secretion and mucosal edema.

Front 36

IND of Montelukast/Singulair

Back 36

maintenance therapy for asthma, po 1x/day

Front 37

AE of Montelukast/Singulair

Back 37

well tolerated

Front 38

Meds for allergic Rhinitis

Back 38

-Antihistammines
-Intranasal glucocorticoids
-Intranasal Mast Cell Stabilizers
-Sympathomimetics

Front 39

MOA of Anti-histamines: histamine antagonist

Back 39

block action of histamine, compete with histamine for receptor sites.
H1 receptors: mediate smooth muscle contraction, dilation of capillaries.
H2 receptors: mediate gastric secretion.

Front 40

IND of Anti-histamines

Back 40

-allergic rhinitis
-Insomnia

Front 41

AE of Anti-histamines

Back 41

-sedation: 1st gen only
-anticholinergic effects (more with 1st than 2nd gen)

Front 42

DI of Anti-histamines

Back 42

-any CNS depressant/alcohol

Front 43

MOA of Intranasal Glucocorticoids

Back 43

dec inflammation in nasal passage, take at regular schedule during allergy season. Delivered in meter dose spray, 1 spray/nostril, 1-2x/day

Front 44

Types of Intranasal Glucocorticoids

Back 44

beclomethasone/Beconase
budesonide/Rhinocort
fluticasone/Flonase

Front 45

AE of intranasal glucocorticosteroids

Back 45

-drying of nasal mucosa
-burning, itching in nose
-sore throat
-epistaxis
-HA

Front 46

MOA of Cromolyn/Nasalcrom

Back 46

suppresses release of mediators from mast cells, used prophylactically, administered on regular schedule via metered dose spray, 1 spray/nostril, 4-6x/day

Front 47

Sympathomimetics definition

Back 47

decongestants: reduce nasal congestion

Front 48

MOA of Sympathomimetics

Back 48

activate alpha 1 adrenergic receptors in nasal blood vessels-->vasoncontriction, shrinkage of swollen membranes, and nasal drainage.

Front 49

IND of Sympathomimetics

Back 49

-allergic rhinitis
-cold/sinusitis

Front 50

AE of Sympathomimetics

Back 50

spray: rebound congestion
po : CNS stimulation
CV effects
potential for abuse

Front 51

List all meds for cough

Back 51

1. Antitussives: supress cough
a. Opiod: codeine and hydrocodone
b. Non-opiod: Dextromethorphan
benzonatate/Tessalon
2. Expectorants: Robitussin
3. Mucolytics: Mucomyst.

Front 52

Antitussives MOA

Back 52

Act in CNS to elevate cough threshold, dec freq, intensity of cough.

Front 53

Antitussives AE

Back 53

Opiod: codeine and hydrocodone
-respiratory deppression
-potential for abuse
Non-opiod Dextromethorphan/Tessalon
-minimal effects, dizziness, sedation

Front 54

Non-opiod Dextromethorphan MOA

Back 54

active ingredient in most non-precript cough meds. Same as opiod, acts in the CNS to elevate cough threshold.

Front 55

Non-opiod Dextromethorphan AE

Back 55

minimal effects

Front 56

Non-opiod benzonate/Tessalon MOA

Back 56

dec sensitivty of stretch receptors in respiratory tract.

Front 57

Non-opiod benzonate/Tessalon AE

Back 57

dizziness, sedation