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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atelectasis |
- refers to closure or collapse of alveoli - may be acute or chronic Prevention: frequent turning, early mobilizations, deep breathing and coughing, incentive spirometer, administer opioids |
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Pneumonia- S&S |
- upper resp. tract infections - headache, low grade fever, pleuritic chest pain, myalgia, rash and pharyngitis - orthopnea, poor appetite, diaphoretic and tires easily - sputum may be purulent or rust coloured |
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Asthma |
- three most common symptoms are cough, dyspnea and wheezing - attacks often occur at night or early in the morning - may begin abruptly but most often symptoms increase over a few days -cough without mucus production |
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COPD- Pathophysiology |
- airflow limitation is both progressive and associated with abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gas - due to inflammation- narrowing occurs in the small peripheral airways - overtime there is scar tissue formation and narrowing of the airway lumen |
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COPD- Risk Factors |
- cigarette smoking - passive smoking - prolonged and intense exposure to occupational dusts and chemicals - indoor and outdoor air pollution
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COPD- S&S |
- cough - sputum production - dyspnea on exertion - symptoms worsens over time - weight loss in common - chronic hyperinflation leads to barrel chest |
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COPD- Chronic Bronchitis |
- defined as presence of cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive - results in hyper secretion of mucus and inflammation, thickened bronchial walls and narrow bronchial lumen - mucus may plug the airways |
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COPD- Emphysema |
- impaired gas exchange results from destruction of the walls of over distended alveoli - emphysema is a pathologic term that describes an abnormal distention of the air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles, with destruction of the walls of the alveoli - progresses slowly over many years |
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Emphysema- S&S |
- chronic cough - difficulty breathing - barrel chest due to air trapping, muscle wasting and pursed lip breathing - decreased vesicular breath sounds, adventitious lung sounds (wheeze) - hyperresonance during percussion |
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Dyspnea |
- difficult or painful breathing
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Orthopnea |
- difficulty breathing unless in an upright position - associated with heart disease, sometimes seen in patients with COPD |
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Anemia |
- deficiency in the amount of RBC or hemoglobin in the blood |
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Cyanosis |
- a very late indicator of hypoxia - the presence or absence of cyanosis is determined by the amount of unoxgenated hemoglobin in the blood - when you are blue |
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Hemoptysis |
- the coughing up of blood |
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Pursed lip breathing |
- a technique in which air is inhaled slowly through the nose and mouth and exhaled slowly through pursed lips |
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Arterial blood gases |
is a collective term applied to three separate measurements—pH, PCO2, and PO2—generally made together to evaluate acid–base status, ventilation, and arterial oxygenation. |
