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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pharmacology
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The study of drugs (chemicals), including their origin, properties, and interactions with living organisms
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Drug
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any chemical that alters the organism's functions or processes.
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Process in nameing a drug
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threw out process of a drug getting named, it picks up a variety of lables rather then a single name
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what are the five different types of names a drug can have
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Chemical Name
Code Generic official Trade (brand name) Chemical Name |
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what is the various sources of drug information
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The u.s. pharmocopeia
PDR Basic & Clinical pharmacology |
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What resource does the FDA consider the official source for information on drugs
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The U.S. Pharmcopeia
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Drug sources to manufacture drugs
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animal
plant mineral |
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Describe the process for drug approval in the U.S.
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Chemical Isolation and Identification
Animal studies Investigational new drug approval new drug application |
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Orphan drug
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drug or biological product for the diagnosis or treatment of a rare disease that affects fewer then 200k persons.
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Anticholinergic Bronchodilator
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An agent that blocks parasympathtic nervous fibers, which allow relaxation of smooth muscle in the airway.
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Antimuscarinic Bronchodilator
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Same as anticholinergic bronchodilator: an agent that blocks the effect of acetylcholine at the cholinergic site.
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Cholinergic
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An agent that produces the effect of acetylcholine.
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Muscarinic
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Same as Cholinergic: An agent that produces the effect of acetylcholine or an agent that mimicks acetylcholine
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Parasympatholytic
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Blocking Parasympathetic nervous Fibers
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Parasympathomimetic
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Producing effects similar to the parasympathetic nervous System.
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M1
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Parasympathetic ganglia
Facilitate neurotransmission and bronchoconstriction Cause secretion and rhinitis in nose |
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M2
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Inhibit continued use of acetylcholine
Blockade may enhance acetylcholine release, counteracting bronchodilation (tiotropium is selective for M1 and M3) |
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M3
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Smooth airway muscle
Cause bronchoconstriction Cause secretion and rhinitis in nose |
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FEV1
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Forced epiratory volume in 1 second.
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Cholinergic Agents
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mimic the action caused by acetylcholine at receptor sites in the parasympathetic system and neuromuscular juntion.
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Anticholinergic
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refers to a drug blocking a receptor for acetylcholine.
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Alkaloids
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A group of alkaline substances taken from plants, which react with acids to form salts.
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Methylxanthines
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A chemical group of drugs derived form xorm xanthines. There are three methylated xanthines: caffeine, theophylline, and theophylline, theobromine
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Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
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A group of enzymes that change intracellular signaling
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Xanthine
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A nitrogenous compound found in many organs and in the blood an urine.
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Adhesives
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A coating of film that prevents or reduces adhesion
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Elasticity
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a medication meant to increase the volume or hydration of airways secretions
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Gel
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A macromolecular description of of pseudo-plastic material having both viscosity and elasticity
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Glycoprotein
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A protein with covalently attached oligosaccharide units. The principle constituent of mucus and a high molecular-weight glycoprotein, it gives mucus its physical/chemical properties such as viscoelasticity.
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Mucin
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The princip[al airway gel-forming mucins MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC5B are proteins with attached oligosaccharide (sugar)
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Mucoactive agent
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A term connoting any medication or drug that has an effect on mucus secretion, may include mucolytic, expectorant, mucospissic, mucoregulatory, or mucokinetic agents
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Mucokinetic agent
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A medication that increases ciliary clearance of respiratory mucus secretions
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Mucolytic agent
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A medication that degrades polymers in secretions. Classic mucolytics have free thiol groups to degrade mucin and peptide mucolytics break pathologic filaments of neutrophil derived DNA or actin in sputum. Classic mucolytics are ineffective for the therapy of airway disease and are not recommended, whereas dornase alfa appears to be effective for the therapy of cystic Fibrosis (cf) and perhaps Bronchiectasis
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Mucoregulatory Agent
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A drug that reduces the volume of airway mucus secretion and appears to be especially effective in hypersecretory states such as bronchorrhea diffuse panbronchiolitis (dPB),cf, and some forms of asthma
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Mucospissic agent
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A medication that increases the viscosity of secretions and may be effective in the therapy of bronchorrhea
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Mucus
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Secretion, from surface goblet cells and submucosal glands, composed of water, proteins and glycosylated mucins.
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Mucospissic Agent
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A medication that increases the viscosity of secretions and may be effective in the therapy of bronchorrhea
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Oligosaccharide
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A sugar that is the individual carbohydrate unit of glycoprotiens
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Rheology
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Study of the deformation and flow (strain) of matter
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Sol
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A macromolecular description of the respiratory secretion in true solution, with the physical property of viscosity (usually referred to as the periciliary layer)
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Sputum
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Expectorated secretions that contain respiratory tract oropharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal secretions as well as bacteria and products of inflammation including polymeric DNA and actin. Purulent sputum contains very little mucin and is similar in composition to pus.
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Viscosity
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a rheologic property characteristic of liquids and represented by the loss modulus G
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