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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common organisms seen with community acquired pneumonia
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Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis are the most common bacterial causes.
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Most common organism causing pneumonia in an alcoholic
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Klebsiella
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Most common organism causing pneumonia with COPD
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H. pneumoniae
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Most common organism causing pneumonia with cystic fibrosis
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pseudomonas
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Most common organism causing pneumonia in young adults, college settings, etc
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae |
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organism causing pneumonia that is transmitted in AC/aerosolized water
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Legionella
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Most common organism causing pneumonia in children < 1 year
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RSV - respiratory syncytial virus
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Most common organism causing pneumonia in children >2 years
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parainfluenza
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Which antibiotics are used for CAP?
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doxycycline
macrolides (clarithromycin, azithromycin) fluorquinolones |
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Atypical CAP
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Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycobacterium pneumoniae
Legionella sp. |
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Organisms seen with hospital acquired pneumonia
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pseudomonas
klebsiella Staph aereus E. coli Enterobacter sp. |
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the "thumbprint sign" is seen with what condition?
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epiglottitis
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Muffled or "hot potato" voice is associated with?
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peritonsillar abscess
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Two types of bronchogenic carcinoma?
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Small cell - SCLC
and non-small cell - NSCLC |
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A possible side effect of this antibiotic is tendon rupture
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Fluoroquinolones
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Predicted normal values for
FEV1 FEV FEV1/FEV |
FEV1: % predicted > 80%
FVC: % predicted > 80% FEV1/FVC: > 0.7 |
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seen with obstructive pulmonary disease
FEV1 FEV FEV1/FEV |
COPD post–bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7
An increase in FEV1 that is both greater than 200 ml and 12% above the pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (baseline value) is considered significant |
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Diseases Associated With Airflow Obstruction
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COPD
Asthma Bronchiectasis Cystic Fibrosis Post-tuberculosis Lung cancer (greater risk in COPD) Obliterative Bronchiolitis |
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Criteria for Restrictive Disease
FEV1 FEV FEV1/FVC |
FEV1: % predicted < 80%
FVC: % predicted < 80% FEV1/FVC: > 0.7 |
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Pulmonary Diseases Associated with a Restrictive Defect
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Fibrosing lung diseases
Pneumoconioses Pulmonary edema Parenchymal lung tumors Lobectomy or pneumonectomy |
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Extrapulmonary Diseases Associated with a Restrictive Defect
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Thoracic cage deformity
Obesity Pregnancy Neuromuscular disorders Fibrothorax |
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Mixed Obstructive/Restrictive
FEV1 FEV FEV1/FEV |
FEV1: % predicted < 80%
FVC: % predicted < 80% FEV1 /FVC: < 0.7 |
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what type of lung disease can't get air in?
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restrictive
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what type of lung disease can't get air out?
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obstructive
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Genetic Risk Factor for COPD
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Alpha 1 deficiency
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Non-genetic Risk Factors for COPD
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Tobacco smoke
Occupational dusts, organic and inorganic Indoor air pollution from heating and cooking with biomass in poorly ventilated dwellings Outdoor air pollution Lung growth and development Oxidative stress Gender (no longer clear-cut) Age Resp.infections (esp. childhood) Socioeconomic status Nutrition Comorbidities Asthm |
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What is the cause of 90% of COPD?
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cigarette smoking
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How is CF diagnosed?
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Chloride sweat test
(child>60mEq/L, Adult>80mEq/L), CXR, HRCT, CFTR |
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One of the first signs of sarcoidosis
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hilar adenopathy
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Kerley B lines are seen with?
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interstitial edema
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EKG changes seen with a PE
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# Epidemiology
1. Limited diagnostic value in Pulmonary Embolism 2. Changes have low sensitivity and low Specificity # Findings 1. Electrocardiogram shows nonspecific changes in 80% 2. Classic Findings: S1 Q3 T3 (seen in under 20% of cases) 1. S Wave in Lead I 2. Q Wave in Lead III 3. T Wave Inversion in Lead III 3. Common Findings 1. Sinus Tachycardia 2. Right sided strain pattern 1. Right Bundle Branch Block 2. Right Axis Deviation 3. Findings that mimic Myocardial Infarction 1. ST segment changes 2. T Wave changes 4. Atrial Fibrillation (new onset) |
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gold standard for diagnosing a PE
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Spiral CT
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In what condition will you see tram tracks and ring like markings on an x-ray?
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Bronchiectasis
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