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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. Class: Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists |
MOA: binds to beta 2 receptors which results to bronchodilation |
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a. albuterol |
short term treatment; A for ACUTE |
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b. salmeterol |
long term; SALMON for prevention |
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1.B. side effects: |
nervousness, tremors, chest pain, palpitations |
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1.C. takeaways: |
Bronchodilators first before Glucocorticoids; B before G |
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2. Class: Xanthines |
MOA: increases cAMP which later results to bronchodilation |
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a. theophylline |
long term control for asthma and COPD |
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2.B. side effects: |
dysrhythmias, seizures |
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2.C. takeaways: |
Theophylline is not used as much as others because of these SEs. Theo (God) - you will see God early if you use this drug. |
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3. Class: Anticholinergics (inhaled/nasal) |
MOA: blocks acetylcholine receptors |
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a. ipratropium |
for COPD, rhinitis, and sometimes asthma; has drying effects |
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3.B. side effects: |
dry mouth, bitter taste, throat or nasal irritation |
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3.C. nursing implications: |
- Encourage fluid intake - Suck candy |
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4. Class: Corticosteroids (inhaled/nasal) |
MOA: decreases inflammation locally |
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4.B. Drugs: |
a. beclomethasone b. mometasone c. budesponide d. fluticasone |
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4.C. side effects: |
headache, pharyngitis (sore throat), fungal infection from candidiasis |
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4.D. nursing implications: |
- advise pt to rinse mouth to prevent infection |
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5. Class: Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists |
MOA: decrease effects of Leukotrienes (inflammatory chemicals) released in response to allergens Indication: asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction |
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5.B. Drugs: |
a. montelukast - take at evening/ 2 hrs before exercise b. zafirlukast - empty stomach |
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5.C. side effects: |
headache, + liver enzymes |
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5.D. takeaways: |
LUKAST = decreases LEUKOtrienes |
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6. Class: Antitussives |
Indication: treatment for cough |
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a. benzonatate |
MOA: have anaesthetic effect on vagal nerve receptors in airway SE: sedation, constipation, GI upset |
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b. codeine |
MOA: binds to opioid receptors in CNS & decreases pt's cough reflex SE: sedation, constipation, GI upset, respiratory depression, hypotension |
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c. dextromethorphan |
MOA: supresses cough reflex in medulla SE: dizziness, sedation |
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6.B. takeaways: |
ABCD - Antitussives: Benzonatate, Codeine, Dextromethorphan |
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7. Class: Expectorants |
for non productive cough |
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a. guaifenesin |
MOA: reduces viscosity of secretions resulting to thinning of secretions and productive cough |
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7.B. side effects: |
GI upset, dizziness |
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7.C. nursing implications: |
- Encourage to take meds with a full glass of water |
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8. Class: Mucolytics |
MOA: breakdown molecules in the mucus to help it become less viscous |
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a. acetylcysteine |
Indications: - for pulmonary disorders with thick mucus secretions - antidote for acetaminophen overdose |
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8.B. side effects: |
bronchospasm, nausea & vomiting, rash, smells like rotten eggs |
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9. Class: Decongestants |
for rhinitis and nasal congestion |
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a. pseudoephedrine |
MOA: vasoconstriction of respiratory tract mucosa SE: nervousness, palpitations, insomnia, weakness, possible rebound congestion |
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b. phenylephrine |
alternative for pseudoephedrine since the latter is an ingredient for meth |
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10. Class: Antihistamines |
For allergies such as rhinitis, itchy watery eyes, sneezing, motion sickness, hives |
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1st gen: dipenhydramine |
has more SEs (drying effects, sedation) |
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2nd gen: loratadine, cetirizine |
MOA: blocks H1 receptors which reduces effects of histamine |