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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common conditions |
Rhinitis Vocal cord paralysis Hoarseness Carcinoma of larynx Aspiration Laryngeal trauma Upper airway obstruction |
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Rhinitis |
Inflammation of the mucosa of the nasal cavity Infectious: viral/bacterial Noninfections: allergic or not (vasmotor) |
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Rhinitis medicamentosa |
Rebound congestion due to overuse of intranasal vasoconstrictors Use only 5-7 days |
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Allergic rhinitis |
IgE mediated hypersensitivity Most common onset < 20 Ask about family history Nasal obstruction, pruritis, sneezing Hypertrophy of nasal turbinates (contributes to obstruction) |
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Allergic rhinitis diagnosis
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History Physical: sinonasal endoscopy etc |
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Allergic rhinitis treatment |
Avoid irritating stimuli Anithistamines Oral decongestants Cromolyn Topical steroid sprays Surgery to reduce turbinates |
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Vocal cord paralysis |
Innervated by recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve Unilateral - possible aspiration Bilateral - airway obstruction |
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Most common cause of left side vocal cord paralysis |
Lung cancer |
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Most common R vocal cord paralysis |
Idiopathic |
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Treatment of vocal cord paralysis |
Observation Medialization of the vocal cord Tracheotomy if breathing compromised |
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Hoarsness approach |
KITTENS Kongenital Infectious/idiopathic Trauma/toxins Tumor Endocrine (hypothyroid etc) Neurological Systemic (gerd) |
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Hoarsness treatment |
Treat underlying, speech therapy Surgery rarely |
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Carcinoma of the larynx |
1/5 of all H+N cancers HPV, EtOH, smoking, radiation Smoking biggest risk Squamous cell carcinoma Supraglottic 30-35% Glottic 60-65% Subglottic - 1% Glottic cancers: hoarsness Supraglotic late pain and dysphagia Diag: indirect laryngoscopy followed by biopsy +/- CT |
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Treatment of laryngeal cancer |
Radiation or surgery or both Surgical is total laryngectomy Prognosis early: > 90% cure Later 50/50 chance |
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Aspiration general |
Passage of secretions or ingested material into tracheobronchal tree going past 3 sites of closure 1. epiglottis and aryeppiglotic folds 2. false vocal cords 3. true focal cords Can be failure of laryngeal closure vs overflow aspiration |
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Treatment of aspiration |
1. treat underlying 2. pulmonary support 3. surgery (tracheotomy, laryngeal closure, total laryngetctomy) |
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Laryngeal trauma |
symptoms: hoarsness, hemoptysis, dysphagia, pain, airway obstruction Signs: loss of thyroid notch, hematoma, subcutaneous air, crepitus, tenderness |
