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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe
Single Subject Designs |
subcategory of quasi-experimental time-series designs
-can be used w/ 1 or a few participants |
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Describe
Reversal Designs |
ABAB
-most common type of single-subject design -can mzr 1 or more Bxs at a time |
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Alternating Treatment Designs
(aka Multielement design) |
To compare impact of 2 diff Txs
1st Tx done, discont'd, 2nd Tx intro'd, 2nd Tx discont'd, 1st Tx reintro Caveat - carryover effects |
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Name the 3 kinds of single subject designs
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reversal designs
multiple baseline designs Alternating Tx Designs |
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What are the most common problems of the ABAB/Reversal design?
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-it takes time to get a stable baseline
-often Tx has a permanent effect (can counter by changing Tx to ABCAC) |
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Multiple Baseline Designs
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-Multi Baseline Across Subjs Design
-Multi Baseline Across Bxs Design -Multi Baseline Across Settings Design |
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Multiple Baseline across Subjects Design
Describe Caveats? |
clinically convenient
-start w/a few participants, observe concurrently in baseline, intro interv to each at diff times -PROBLEM: contamination if 2nd/3rd participants learn about intervention before starting |
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Multiple Baseline across Bx Design
Describe Caveats? |
1. Targets 3 diff Bx of the same participant
2. Take baseline for the 3 Bx 3. Intro same intervention for each bx separately (over time) CAVEAT: Bxs are often related |
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Multiple Baseline Across Settings Design
Describe Caveats? |
1. Baseline for participant
2. Single Bx targeted in at least 3 settings Caveats: changes could generalize across settings |
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Which is the most flexible of the 3 types of single-subject designs?
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the reversal design b/c you can change the intervention if it isn't working (ABABCAC)
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What are issues with measurement?
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1. # of measurement periods & length
2. Sensitivity & selection of instrument |
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What are the 3 basic ways to operationalize data/do a visual analysis of single subject designs?
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variability
change in level (net gain or a net loss) slope |
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Variability
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the spread of the data points w/in particular phase
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Gain or loss/change of level
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gives the investigator an indication of how much of a gain or loss occurred due to the intervention
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Describe the
Descriptive Research Approach |
Research Qs & studies that use only descriptive statistics, such as avgs, %s, etc which aren't tested for statistical sig w/inferential statistics
-political polls, etc |
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Describe the
Associational Research Approach |
only one group
-attribute independent variable -continuous or 5 or more ordered levels -need fewer participants -looks at correlations -often utilize multiple regressions |
