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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Authority |
A way of knowing proposed by Charles Peters in which a person develops a belief by agreeing with someone perceived to be an expert |
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A priori method |
A way of knowing by Charles Peirce in which a person develops of the belief by reasoning and reaching agreement with others who are convinced of the merits of the reasoned argument |
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Empiricism |
A way of knowing that relies on Direct observation or experience |
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Belief perservation |
Unwilling to consider evidence that contradicts a strongly held veiw similar to Pierce's principle of tenacity |
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Confirmation bias |
Social cognition bias in which events that confirm a strongly held belief or more readily perceive and remembered. disconfirming events are ignored or forgotten |
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Availability heuristic |
Social cognition bias in which Vivid and memorable events lead to people overestimateing the frequency of occurrence of these events |
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Determinism |
Assumption made by scientists that all events have causes |
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Discoverability |
The Assumption made by scientists that the causes of events can be discovered by applying scientific method |
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Statistical determinism |
Assumption made by research psychologist that behavioral events can be predicted with a probability greater than chance |
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Objectivity |
Said to exist when observations can be verified by more than one Observer |
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Introspection |
Method used in the early years of psychological science in which an individual completed a task and then describe the event occurring in Consciousness while performing the task |
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Data-driven |
Describes the belief of research psychologist that includes about Behavior should be supported by data collected scientifically |
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Empirical question |
A question that can be answered by making object of observations |
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Theory |
A set of statements that summarize and organize existing information about a phenomenon provides an explanation for it and serves as a basis for making predictions to be tested empirically |
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Falsification (principle of falseibility) |
Research strategy advocated by popper that emphasizes putting theories to the test by trying to disprove or falsify them |
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Pseudoscience |
The field of inquiry that attempts to associated with true science relies exclusively on selective evidence to be adequately tested |
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Anecdotal evidence |
Evans from a single case that illustrates a phenomenon relied on exclusively as a pseudo science faculty conclusion can be easily drawn |
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Effort justification |
After expending a large amount of time or effort to obtain some gold people given the effort feel pressured to convince themselves the effort was worthwhile even if the resulting outcome is less positive than expected |
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Description |
The goal of psychological science and which behaviors are accurately classified 4 sequences of environmental stimuli and behavioral events are accurately listed |
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Laws |
Regular predictable relationships between events |
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Prediction |
The goal of psychological science in which statements about the future occurrence of Behavioral events are made usually with some probability |
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Explanation |
The goal of Science in which the causes of events are sought |
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Application |
A goal of Science in which basic principles discovered through scientific methods are applied to solve problems |