Research Methods

Front 1

Knowledge of research methods may be useful in?

Back 1

-Understanding and evaluating research results reported in the media

-Many occupations

-Conducting reseatch

Front 2

Which one of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an example of basic research?

Back 2

"Effect of situational factors on assessment of blame: A test of attribution theory"

Front 3

The statement “Females will report greater incidences of sexual harassment than will males” is an example of a ______, while the statement “Reported incidences of sexual harassment will vary according to gender” is an example of a ________.

Back 3

Prediction; hypothesis

Front 4

Accepting the information in a professor's lecture without question is a reliance on (Hint: ways of knowing)

Back 4

Authority

Front 5

Michael Lynn’s study on tipping behavior in restaurants and hotels, described in the text, was designed to determine whether factors such as posture and communication influence tips left by customers. The idea for his study was based on?

Back 5

Observation of an actual event

Front 6

When the results of an experiment are consistent with a prediction developed from a theory, we conclude that the theory is?

Back 6

Supported by the results

Front 7

Which one of the following statements is accurate about basic and applied research?

Back 7

Basic and applied research are of equal importance

Front 8

One key reason for why the use of intuition results in erroneous conclusions is?

Back 8

We have a tendency to conclude that there must be a casual relationship when we observe the occurrence of two related events.

Front 9

Which one of the following is NOT true of the scientific approach?

Back 9

Anything reported by a scientist should be assumed to be accurate

Front 10

Which of the following characteristics is TRUE of pseudoscience?

Back 10

The claims are stated in scientific-sounding terminology and ideas

Front 11

Jack wants to conduct an experiment on people’s perceptions of tattoos. He plans to manipulate the experimental conditions by having participants receive tattoos on their arms. The tattoos will vary in size and color. An IRB would MOST likely be concerned about

Back 11

The physical risk to the participants

Front 12

People in a large shopping mall are stopped and asked to participate in a taste test of organic vs. non-organic apple cider. After tasting each sample, they are asked to indicate which cider they most prefer. This alternative to deception would be an example of a/an

Back 12

Honest study

Front 13

The principle of ______ in the Belmont Report would have prevented the doctors in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study from ONLY selecting African American males in their study.

Back 13

Justice

Front 14

Before participating in his experiment, Mario explains to the participants the reason for the study and tells them they can withdraw from the study at any time. This procedure illustrates

Back 14

Informed consent

Front 15

When personal interviews are conducted as part of a research study, the identity of the participant might be known. In cases such as these, the researcher must

Back 15

-Carefully plan ways of coding the data

-Carefully store the data

-Explain the procedure to the participants so there is no question concerning the confidentiality of the results.

Front 16

Pablo decides to examine public records of crime rates to determine whether perpetrators committed property crimes at an earlier age in the 1940s than those in the 1970s. According to the Health and Human Service (HHS) regulations, Pablo’s research would be categorized, by and IRB, as _____ research.

Back 16

Exempt

Front 17

Informed consent of participants can pose a problem for researchers because?

Back 17

Knowledge of the hypothesis may bias or alter the participants' behavior

Front 18

Which of the following constitutes deception?

Back 18

-The experimenter disguises the true purpose of a laboratory experiment

-An observer conceals their identity

-The experimenter conceals the hypothesis of the current study

-An observer conceals their presence

Front 19

Which factor is probably MOST responsible for keeping scientific fraud to a minimum?

Back 19

The scientific approach relies on replication of findings from many different laboratories

Front 20

Dr. King asks student teachers to assign a punishment for misbehavior displayed by an attractive versus unattractive child. The response variable would be

Back 20

Assigned punishment

Front 21

For a research study, an operational definition of the variable "anxiety" might be

Back 21

-A physiological measure of sweating

-The score on the TMAS

-The number of "ums" and "ahs" in a person's speech

Front 22

A psychologist studied dependency by measuring how many times children in school asked an adult for help. A critic argued that asking for help is not a good measure of dependency. In fact, the critic said, asking for help shows resourcefulness and initiative. The critic in this situation was disputing the

Back 22

Construct validity of the dependency measure

Front 23

You take your temperature with a thermometer three times over a 20-minute period and observe the following measurements: 98, 106, and 89 degrees. You should conclude that the _____ of the thermometer is _____.

Back 23

Reliability; Low

Front 24

A measure of mechanical ability would have predictive validity if people scoring high on the measure of mechanical ability also

Back 24

Successfully complete a mechanical training course

Front 25

Superstitution

Back 25

-Knowledge based on subjective feelings, interpreting random events as nonrandom or believing in magical events

-The problem is not based on any observation or testing

Front 26

Intuition

Back 26

-Plausible explanation for events/experiences

-Anecdotal evidence used

-Correlation does not imply causation

-The problem numerous bias

Front 27

Authority

Back 27

-Accepting what is known from "experts"

-The problem is believing experts to be correct all the time

Front 28

Rationalism

Back 28

-Determining what can be known via reason and logic

-The problem logic deals w/ the FORM of the argument, not the content and experience

Front 29

Observation (Empiricism)

Back 29

-Knowledge based on observation and experiences

-The problem is basic observations can be skewed

Front 30

Availability Heurisitc

Back 30

Decisions based on readily available examples and evidence

Front 31

Confirmation Bias

Back 31

Seek out evidence that confirms your beliefs and ignore other info which contradicts it

Front 32

Scientific Approach

Back 32

-Rejects notion that one can accept the statements of authority

-Requires more evidence than intuition before drawing conclusions

-Logic and reason are not enough

-Scientists

Front 33

Steps of the Scientific Approach

Back 33

1. Observations

2. Question

3. Research

4. Hypothesis

5. Experiment

6. Data

7. Conclusions