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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Four Major Research Approaches in Educational Research |
* Quantitative research
* Qualitative research * Mixed research * Action research |
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Quantitative Methods |
Confirmatory or “top-down”—the researcher tests hypotheses and theory with data. |
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Qualitative Methods |
Exploratory or “bottom-up”—the researcher generates or constructs knowledge, hypotheses, and grounded theory from data collected during fieldwork. |
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Mixed Methods |
Confirmatory and exploratory according to given situation. |
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Action Methods |
Identify and solve pressing issues within the educational environment and community using quantitative, qualitative, or both approaches. |
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Quantitative Research |
Quantitative/ numerical description, causal explanation, and prediction. |
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Qualitative Research |
Qualitative/subjective description, empathetic understanding, and exploration. |
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Mixed Methods Research |
Multiple objectives; provide complex and fuller explanation and understanding; understand multiple perspectives. |
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Action Research |
Identify and solve pressing issues within the educational environment and community using quantitative, qualitative, or both approaches. |
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Quantitative Observation |
Study behavior under controlled conditions; isolate the causal effect of single variables. |
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Qualitative Observation |
Study groups and individuals in natural settings; attempt to understand insiders’ views, meanings, and perspectives. |
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Mixed Methods Observation |
Study multiple contexts, perspectives, or conditions; study multiple factors as they operate together. |
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Action Observation |
Study behaviors and people in real-world settings before, during, and after the implementation of specific intervention action. |
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Quantitative Data & Collection |
Collect quantitative data & variables based on precise measurement using structured and validated data-collection instruments. |
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Qualitative Data & Collection |
Collect qualitative data (words, images, categories) such as in-depth interviews, participant observations, field notes, and open-ended questions. The researcher is the primary data-collection instrument. |
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Mixed Methods Data & Collection |
Collect multiple kinds of data: mixture of variables, words, categories, and images. |
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Action Data & Collection |
Collect forms of data based on the specific situation studied and action taken: this can be strictly quantitative, but often it consists of a mixture of numerical data, descriptive/language data, etc. |
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Quantitative Data Analysis |
Identify statistical relationships among variables. |
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Qualitative Data Analysis |
Use descriptive/language data; search for patterns, themes, and holistic features; and appreciate difference/variation. |
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Mixed Methods Data Analysis |
Quantitative and qualitative analysis used separately and in combination. |
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Action Data Analysis |
Matches approach to local need, typically utilizing quantitative or mixed approaches. |
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Quantitative Study Results |
Generalizable findings providing representation of objective outsider viewpoint of populations. |
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Qualitative Study Results |
Particularistic findings; provision and integration of insider viewpoints on the phenomena under study. |
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Mixed Methods Study Results |
Provision of “subjective insider” and “objective outsider” viewpoints; presentation and integration of multiple dimensions and perspectives. |
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Action Study Results |
Mix of specific findings related to explaining the environment and generalizable conclusions for larger educational community. |
