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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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longitudinal design
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can provide evidence for temporal precedence by measuring the same variables in the same people at different points in time
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cross-sectional correlations
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correlation that tests to see whether two variables, measured at the same point in time, are correlated
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autocorrelations
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correlation that determines the correlation of one variable with itself, measured on two different occasions
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cross-lag correlations
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researchers are most interested in this type of correlation which shows whether the earlier measure of one variable is associated with the later measure of the other variable
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1) covariance 2) temporal precedence 3) internal validity
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three rules for causation
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covariance
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rule for causation: when two variables are significantly correlated
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temporal precedence
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rule for causation: by comparing the relative strength of the two cross-lag correlations
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there may be some other third variable
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A multiple-regression analysis is run to examine third variables as a follow-up to the study indicating that boys with unusual names are more likely to commit crimes. Unusual names, ethnic backgrounds, and geographical regions are all used as predictor variables. Even after controlling for all of these variables, unusual names predict criminal activity. Why doesn’t this study establish causation?
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which languages were studied?
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Onwuegbuzie et al. (1999) examined foreign language anxiety, a known predictor of foreign language achievement, using a multiple regression analysis of variables including academic achievement, perceived scholastic competence, and perceived self-worth. Which of the following questions interrogates external validity of this study?
What was the measure of perceived scholastic competence? Which languages were studied? What effect size was found? Are there subgroups in the study? |
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cross-lag
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Professor Horvat studies the relationships between job and home satisfaction. She designs a study to test the same group of workers on various factors of work satisfaction and home satisfaction. She administers the test two times, one year apart. She finds that home satisfaction measured at the first time correlates strongly with job satisfaction at the second time. What type of correlation is this?
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the results of the most recent study
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What information is not missing when pattern and parsimony are unfairly represented in popular press reports on research?
the theory being tested the results of related studies the context of the study the results of the most recent study |
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concurrent validity
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Which of the following is not one of the three causal rules for establishing causation?
concurrent validity covariance temporal precedence internal validity |
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Age has a bigger effect than education does on recall of names for "Past National Entertainers and Politicians."
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Martins et al. (2010) studied factors relating to the retrieval of names of famous people based on pictures. Famous faces tests are used in studies of memory. They were interested in understanding the factors that influence successful recall. Five groups of stimuli were formed based on reason for celebrity and time of peak fame. Multiple regressions for age, gender, and education were performed for each of the groups. For "Past National Entertainers and Politicians," β =0.39 for age and β = 0.29 for education. What does this mean?
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longitudinal design
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What type of research design involves measuring the same variables for the same people across different points in time?
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by ruling out third variables
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How can multiple regression address issues of internal validity?
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cross-sectional
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Professor Horvat studies the relationships between job and home satisfaction. She designs a study to test the same group of workers on various factors of work satisfaction and home satisfaction. She administers the test two times, one year apart. She finds that at both testings, there is a strong correlation between job satisfaction and home satisfaction. What type of correlations are these?
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run a regression test with concentration and confidence as predictor variables and compare the results
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Alex is studying the effect of practice on improving performance in highly trained athletes. The mediator in the relationship might be the confidence that comes from practice. Which of these is not one of the tests that would be used to test the hypothesis that confidence is a mediator between practice and improved performance?
a. run a regression test with concentration and confidence as predictor variables and compare the results b. test for a relationship between practice and confidence c. test for a relationship between confidence and improved performance d. run a regression test with both practice and confidence as predictor variables for improved performance and check if the relationship between practice and performance goes away |
