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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sexual intercourse
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coitus, copulation
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meiosis
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sex cell division = reduction division
diploid parents cell → 4 haploid daughter cell (gomets) |
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prophase 1
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1) synapsis =homologous chromosome pair up
2) cross over= exchange genetic " no longer identical) 3)breakdown of nuclear envelop *primary oocyte arrested in here |
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Metaphase1
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1)homologous pairs of each tetrad line up with independent assortment
2)spindle fiber formed from microtuble attach the chromosomes |
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Anaphase 1
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1)pair of chromosomes separate and are pulled to the opposite end= reduction division
(23 pairs →23 chromosome (still sister chromosome)) |
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telophase 1 and cytokinesis
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1) nuclear membrane reform
2) cleavage furrow in the cell 3) cell cytoplasm divide (cytokinesis) |
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prophase 2
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nuclear breaks down
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meta phase 2
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secondary oocyte is arrested in this stage
-spindle fiber extended from centerioles chromosome line up |
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ana phase2
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sister chromosome separate →single chromosome
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telophase 2 and cytokinesis
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4 cells (each contain 23 single chromosomes)
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granulosa cell
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primary follicle
secrete estrogen |
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corpus luteum
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secrete progesterone, etrogen
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6 ovarian follicles
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1) primordal (at birth: primary oocyte)
2) primary (from puberty: primary oocyte) 3) secondary (from puberty: primary oocyte) 4) vesicular (from puberty: secondary oocyte) 5) corpus luteum (from puberty: not cyte) 6) corpus albicans (from puberty: not cyte) |
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oogenesis
before birth, childhood |
before birth = oogonia (diploid cell, arrest in prophase 1)
childhood= atresia of primordial follicle |
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oogenesis
after puberty |
after puberty= 20 premordial follicle → primary follicle (every month)→some secondary follicle (primary oocyte: arrested in prophase1)→only one vesicular follicle produce a secondary oocyte (arrested in metaphase 2) and a polar body (degenerates)→ovulation
*if the secondary oocyte fertilized, it complete meiosis 2 |
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atresia
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regression of some primordial follicles
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cyclical pattern
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produce monthly sequence of event in follicle, ovarian cycle
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cyclical pattern 1)
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1)follicular phase (day 1 -13)
LH,FSH→20 primordial follicles (secrete inhibin ×FSH) →1 secondary follicles→antrum fluid volume ↑→oocyte stay one side of the follicle and reach metaphase2 one polar body (non functional cell) |
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cyclical pattern 2)
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2) ovulation (day 14)
LH↑ peak antrum size increase and swelling rupture expelling secondary oocyte |
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cyclical pattern 3)
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3) luteal phase (day 15 -28)
follicle → corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen →build up uterine lining preparing for fertilized oocyte *if not fertilize, corpus luteum →corpus albican estrogen & progesterone ↓ uterine lining shed= menstruation |
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shed lining
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menses
functional layer of endometrium; grow under estrogen and progesterone |
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first menstrual cycle
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menarche
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not menstruation for 1 year
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menopause
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Human Chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
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mother's blood and act on corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone and estrogen to maintain building uterine lining for 3 month
after 3 month the placenta is developed and secrete progesterone and estrogen |
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mucous plug
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at cervix
formed by mucin -secreting glands prevent pathogen *become thin around ovulation for easier sperm penetration |
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hymen
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vaginal orifice
vasucularized membranous barrier |
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uterine (menstrual) cycle
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change endometrial lining under influence estrogen and progesterone by corpus luteum
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3 menstrual cycles
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1) menstrual phase (day 1-5)
menstruation 2)proliferative phase (day 6-14) development new functional layer of endometrium 3) secretory phase (day 15-28) ↑progesterone and estrogen by corpus luteum →vascularization & uterine gland development *no fertilization, ↓progesterone→menstrual phase |
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day 1- 5
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ovarian cycle: follicular phase
menstrual cycle: menstrual phase hypothalamus (GnRH) →anterior pituitary FSH & LH →primary follicle →secondary follicle |
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day 6-12
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ovarian cycle: follicular phase
menstrual cycle: proliferative phase secondary follicle (secrete inhibin & low estrogen →FSH↓) → vesicular follicle new functional layer of endometrium re-building |
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day 13-14
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ovarian cycle: follicular phase & ovulation
menstrual cycle: proliferative phase viscular follicle secrete estrogen →hypothalamus →AP →LH →ovulation |
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Day 15- 28
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ovarian cycle: luteal phase
menstrual cycle: secretory phase corpus luteum secretes estrogen, progesterone, & inhibin →inhibit GnRH, FSH,LH →become corpus albican |
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external reproductive organs
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genitalia
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milk
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proteins, fats, lactose, suger
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Mammary gland
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tubuloalveolar exocrine gland
secretory product milk |
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lactiferous sinus
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milk strage
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areola
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sebaceous gland and aveolar gland
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parous
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who has given birth
areola darker |
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nulliparous
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who has not gave birth
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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
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anterior pituitary
stimulate development and maturation of ovarian follicles |
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Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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anterior pituitary
stimulate ovulation |
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estrogen
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ovarian follicles (granulosa cell: primary follicle), corpus luteum, placenta
initiate and maintains growth of the functional layer of the endometrium |
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progesterone
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corpus luteum or placenta
primary hormone responsible for functional layer growth after ovulation; causes increase in blood vessels distribution, uterine gland size and nutrient production |
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ihibin
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ovarian follicles, corpus luteum
ihibit FSH secretion so as to prevent excessive follicular development |