Reproductive System

Front 1

Define GONAD

Back 1

sperm-producing testes in men and ovaries in women

Front 2

Define GAMETE

Back 2

- gonades produce sex cells called gametes that secrete a variety of steroid hormones;
- COMMONLY called, sex hormones;
- MALES produce male gametes called sperm;
- FEMALES produce gametes called ova or eggs;

Front 3

Define MEIOSIS

Back 3

"create a new me"
- basis of gamete production;
- genetic DNA, half from male (23 chromosomes) and half from egg (23 chromosomes) = 46 chromosomes

Front 4

Define MITOSIS, in relation to the reproductive system

Back 4

- division of a cell;
- growth & repair;

Front 5

Name the ORGAN that delivers SEMEN to the female reproductive tract

Back 5

Penis

Front 6

Name the SITE of testosterone PRODUCTION

Back 6

Testes

Front 7

Name the PASSAGEWAY from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

Back 7

Ductus deferens

Front 8

What CONVEYS both sperm & urine down the length of the penis?

Back 8

Urethra

Front 9

Name the ORGANS that CONTRIBUTE to the FORMATION of semen

Back 9

- bulbourethral glands
- seminal vesicles
- prostate gland

Front 10

What do you call the EXTERNAL SAC that houses the testes?

Back 10

Scrotum

Front 11

What is the TUBULAR storage site for sperm; hugs the lateral aspect of the testes.

Back 11

Epididymis

Front 12

What do you call the CUFF of SKIN encircling the GLANS penis?

Back 12

Prepuce

Front 13

What surrounds the urethra at the base of the bladder; produces a milky fluid?

Back 13

Prostate gland

Front 14

What accessory gland produces over half of the seminal fluid?

Back 14

seminal vesicles

Front 15

What produces a lubricating mucus that CLEANSES the urethra?

Back 15

Bulbourethral glands

Front 16

What is the connective tissue sheath enclosing the ductus deferens, blood vessels and nerves?

Back 16

Spermatic cord

Front 17

What is testosterone synthesised from?

Back 17

testosterone is a steroid hormone, synthesised from cholesterol

Front 18

True or False
Testosterone has a multiple ANABOLIC effect in the body?

Back 18

True

Front 19

What does testosterone promote in puberty?

Back 19

spermatogenesis

Front 20

What is testosterone converted to in the brain?

Back 20

estradiol, equivalent of female estrogen

Front 21

Name secondary sex characteristics

Back 21

- pubic, axillary and facial hair
- deepening of voice
- bones & muscles increase in size and mass (somatic effects)
- skin thickens & becomes oilier
- men stay fertile until well into their 80's or until testosterone ceases

Front 22

Define Menopause

Back 22

no periods for one year

Front 23

What is perimenopause?

Back 23

sporadic periods in one year

Front 24

What happens in menopause?

Back 24

- uterus atrophy (shrinks)
- vaginal dryness
- vaginal wall thins
- breast fat stores decrease

Front 25

What happens to HDL and LDL cholesterol BEFORE menopause?

Back 25

HDL is high
LDL is lower
estrogen keeps LDL low

Front 26

What happens to HDL and LDL cholesterol AFTER menopause?

Back 26

HDL is low
LDL is higher
lack of estrogen to keep LDL low

Front 27

What is the general age women go through menopause?

Back 27

47 - 54 years

Front 28

What is the FOLLICULAR PHASE?

Back 28

Before ovulation
- Days 1 - 14 follicular growth
- unstable phase; more changes; liptin hormone that sets off periods needs liptins (body fat)

Front 29

What is the LUTEAL PHASE?

Back 29

After ovulation
- pretty constant phase

Front 30

What is the cornona radiata?

Back 30

"crown of thorns" around the egg

Front 31

What does LH & FSH do?

Back 31

- stimulates estrogen
- negative feed back

Front 32

what hormone "holds" pregnancy and maintains the lining of the uterus?

Back 32

Progesterone

Front 33

When does progesterone stay high?

Back 33

during pregnancy

Front 34

When does progesterone drop?

Back 34

- when u r ready to deliver
- this dip might be related to postnatal depression

Front 35

Name the 3 cycles of change the uterine endometrium goes through each month

Back 35

- menstrual phase
- proliferative phase
- secretory phase

Front 36

What is the MENSTRUAL phase?

Back 36

- lining of the uterus is shed
- bleeding phase

Front 37

What is the PROLIFERATIVE phase?

Back 37

- rebuild inner lining of uterus
- that portion of the uterine (menstrual) cycle when the endometrium regenerates and thickens

Front 38

What is the SECRETORY phase?

Back 38

- after ovulation
- the second half of the menstrual cycle after ovulation; the corpus luteum secretes progesterone which prepares the endometrium for the implantation of an embryo; if fertilization does not occur then menstrual flow begins

Front 39

What is the LUTEAL phase?

Back 39

- is the latter phase of the menstrual cycle
- it begins with the formation of the corpus luteum and ends in either pregnancy or luteolysis

Front 40

What is the CORPUS LUTEUM?

Back 40

The corpus luteum, which means yellow body in Latin, is what is left of the follicle after a woman ovulates

Front 41

Name the ANATOMICAL changes that take place in pregnancy

Back 41

- breast enlarge
- areola enlarges
- uterus enlarges
- weight gain
- chadwick sign
- lordosis (posture change)

Front 42

what is the chadwich sign?

Back 42

cervix changes color (more purple)

Front 43

Name the METABOLIC changes that take place in pregnancy

Back 43

- hPL (human placental lactogen) increases
- hCT (human choronic thyrotropin)
- parathyroid hormone goes up

Front 44

what is surfactant protein A

Back 44

hormone from babies lungs, released when baby is ready to be born : tells cervix to soften