Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
265 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Prolonged painful erection that w/out sexual arousal is
|
priapism
|
|
|
if there's no Y chromosones or if the SRY genes don't work, this structure will cause the development of the female reproductive tract
|
paramesonephric (mullerian) duct
|
|
|
a condition by which oocytes continually degenerate and die
|
atresia
|
|
|
what is responsible for maintaining the uterus for pregnancy
|
corpus luteum
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis does the nucleolus dissociates for the first time
|
Prophase I
|
|
|
what occurs of the corpus luteum regresses
|
reduced levels of progesterone
|
|
|
During which phrase of meiosis so the chromosomes disappear for the first time
|
telophase I
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the nuclear membrane dissociated for the 2nd time
|
prophase II
|
|
|
which cells of the ovarian follicle produce testosterone
|
thecal cells
|
|
|
why are the testes located in the scrotum rather than inside the abdominal cavity
|
to allow cooler temperatures necessary for normal spermatogenesis
|
|
|
which hormone causes a deeper voice
|
testosterone
|
|
|
where is hCG produced after the 8th week of pregnancy
|
placenta
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the aster fibers appear for the 1st time
|
prophase I
|
|
|
which best represents the secretory phase
|
days 15-28
|
|
|
meiosis in the male is
|
spematogenesis
|
|
|
a stage of cervical carcinoma in which almost all of the cervical epithelial cells demonstrate cellular features of carcinoma, however, the underlying tissues remain effected
|
cervical carcinoma in situ
|
|
|
what is the sex chromosomal composition for a normal human male
|
XY
|
|
|
what is the source of the X chromosome for a male embryo "maternal" or "parental"
|
maternal
|
|
|
what protein is coded for the SRY gene
|
testis-determining factor
|
|
|
a stage of cervical carcinoma in which the adjacent tissues are involved with concomitant vaginal bleeding and discharged
|
invasive carcinoma
|
|
|
production of sperm is
|
spermatogenesis
|
|
|
nuclear (cell) division that results in haploid daughter cells
|
meiosis
|
|
|
2 widespread STD's causing inflammation to the urethra and is a major cause of infertility in woman
|
gonorrheae and chlamydia
|
|
|
a compound added to semen used a fuel for the flagellum
|
fructose
|
|
|
gene regulating the development of the testes
|
sex-determining region Y (SRY)
|
|
|
a condition caused by production of excessive amounts of androgens
|
polycystic ovarian syndrome
|
|
|
when does meiosis begin for a human male
|
puberty
|
|
|
aka Wolffian duct
|
mesonephric duct
|
|
|
just following ovulation what is the name given to the follicle which released the oocyte
|
corpus hemorrhagicum
|
|
|
what is the source of the X chromosome for a female embryo "maternal" or "paternal"
|
both
|
|
|
a process in which the # 1 paternal chromosome pairs with the #1 maternal chromosome through the # 23 chromosone
|
synapsis
|
|
|
nuclear (cell) division that results in diploid daughter cells
|
mitosis
|
|
|
which glands produces about 60% of the semen
|
seminal vesicles
|
|
|
a hormone or factor that inhibits the development of the female reproductive tract
|
anti-mullerian hormone
|
|
|
a compound added to the semen to help neutralize vaginal pH
|
bicarbonate ion
|
|
|
these cells originate outside of the embryo prper and will give rise to the gonads
|
primordial germ cells
|
|
|
which product of the testes regulates the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics of the male
|
testosterone
|
|
|
what occurs when progesterone levels fall
|
the uterine lining detaches and menses occurs
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the nuclear membrane reform for the 1st time
|
telophase I
|
|
|
which stage of syphilis appears in the beginning as a painless lesion which soon disappears
|
primary stage
|
|
|
how many haploid spermatozoa are produced by meiosis of a single diploid cell
|
4
|
|
|
a condition in which the uterine ligaments are compromised and the uterus moves into the vaginal canal
|
uterine prolapse
|
|
|
aka 1st division of meiosis
|
reduction division
|
|
|
which cell produce the blood testes barrier
|
sustentacular or sertoli cells
|
|
|
aka leiomyoma
|
fibroid
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis does the nucleolus reform for the 1st time
|
telophase I
|
|
|
process which the # chromosome from dad finds and pairs up with the # chromosome from mom and the same happens for chromosomes 2-23
|
synapsis
|
|
|
which of the following compounds is most commonly associated with causing meningeal vasodilation
|
prostoglandins
|
|
|
whats the major function of the granulosa cells
|
produce estradiol
|
|
|
process in which paternal genes are exchanged for maternal genes on homologues
|
crossovers
|
|
|
3rd most prevalent cancer cause of death in women is
|
cervical carcinoma
|
|
|
what is the source of the Y chromosome for a male embryo "maternal" or "paternal"
|
paternal
|
|
|
which of the following is converted to estradiol
|
testosterone
|
|
|
a glycoprotein shells which surrounds human oocyte
|
zona pellucida
|
|
|
on which chromosome is the sex determining region of Y (SRY) gene
|
Y chromosome
|
|
|
which sex steroid boosts the basal metabolic rate the most
|
testosterone
|
|
|
which hormone causes the release of LH
|
gonadotropin RH
|
|
|
which sex chromosomes can a mother contribute to the embryo
|
X or Y
|
|
|
during which division or meiosis do replicated haploid cells give rise to unreplicated haploid gametes
|
2nd division
|
|
|
condition marked by painful menstruation is
|
dysmenorrhea
|
|
|
3rd most prevalent cancer cause of death in women is
|
cervical carcinoma
|
|
|
what is the source of the Y chromosome for a male embryo "maternal" or "paternal"
|
paternal
|
|
|
which of the following is converted to estradiol
|
testosterone
|
|
|
a glycoprotein shells which surrounds human oocyte
|
zona pellucida
|
|
|
on which chromosome is the sex determining region of Y (SRY) gene
|
Y chromosome
|
|
|
which sex steroid boosts the basal metabolic rate the most
|
testosterone
|
|
|
which hormone causes the release of LH
|
gonadotropin RH
|
|
|
which sex chromosomes can a mother contribute to the embryo
|
X or Y
|
|
|
during which division or meiosis do replicated haploid cells give rise to unreplicated haploid gametes
|
2nd division
|
|
|
condition marked by painful menstruation is
|
dysmenorrhea
|
|
|
which hormone causes the production of testosterone
|
Luteinizing hormone
|
|
|
a type of nuclear division represented by gametogenesis
|
meiosis
|
|
|
which of the following are typical symptoms of uterine fibroids
|
abnormal mentrual bleeding
|
|
|
which phase of meiosis do the chromosomes become visible for a 2nd time
|
prophase II
|
|
|
how many developing oocytes does a female have at puberty
|
400,000
|
|
|
which components are produced by the leydig cells
|
testosterone and other androgens
|
|
|
"XY" is the normal sex chromosomal composition for "male" or "female"
|
male
|
|
|
how many chromosomes are in a human cell after the 1st meiotic division
|
23
|
|
|
which of the early embryonic structures gives rise to female reproductive structures
|
paramesonephric duct or mullerian duct
|
|
|
cell located in the CT just outside the seminiferous tubules which produce testosterones
|
interstitial or leydig cells
|
|
|
when does meiosis begin for a human female
|
fetus
|
|
|
early human embryos possess the structures can form the reproductive tracts of BOTH sexes (true or false)
|
true
|
|
|
a structure in the front of the sperm cell which contains digestive enzymes
|
acrosome
|
|
|
a stage of cervical carcinoma in which the normal, simple columnar epithelium of the uterus is continually being replaced by squamous epithelium
|
metaplasia
|
|
|
without a functioning Y chromosome, a child will develop as a female (true or false)
|
true
|
|
|
failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum is
|
crytporchidism
|
|
|
what is the onset of a woman's period called
|
menarche
|
|
|
which of the following determines which follicle will become the dominant follicle
|
number of FSH receptor
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis doe the chromosomes disappear for the 2nd time
|
telophase II
|
|
|
which of the following compounds is mostly associated with causing uterine vasoconstriction
|
prostoglandins
|
|
|
which organelles make up most of the midpiece of a sperm
|
mitochondria
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis does the nucleolus dissociates for the 2nd time
|
prophase II
|
|
|
which cells in the testes produce testosterone
|
interstitial or leydig cells
|
|
|
how many oocytes does a woman after menopause have
|
0
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the aster fibers disappear for the 1st time
|
telophase I
|
|
|
which segment of the sperm has the nucleus
|
head
|
|
|
term indicating a cell containing half the normal number of chromosomes as seen in the gametes
|
haploid
|
|
|
which cells surround the sperm
|
sustentactular or sertoli cells
|
|
|
what is the mechanism of action of RU486
|
blocks progesterone receptors
|
|
|
what are the chromosomal dumps produced during meiosis
|
polar bodies
|
|
|
early in menstrual cycle, what effect does estrogen have on FSH and LH levels
|
decreases their levels
|
|
|
the tubules within testes in which sperm develope
|
seminiferous tubules
|
|
|
which gland produces a lubricating fluid in male during intercourse
|
bulbourethral
|
|
|
which product of the testes is the typical male hormone
|
testosterone
|
|
|
which glands make semen
|
accessory
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the nuclear membrane dissociates for the first time
|
prophase I
|
|
|
ribbons of muscle tissue in the spermatic cord which help regulate testicular temperature
|
cremaster muscle
|
|
|
which hormone causes sperm cells to become sensitive to testosterone
|
FSH
|
|
|
which hormone causes the secondary sex characteristics of males
|
testosterone
|
|
|
which segment of the sperm contains the acrosome
|
head
|
|
|
what is the result of the action of RU486
|
induces menses even if pregnant
|
|
|
which of the early embryonic structures gives rise to male reproductive structures
|
mesonephric duct or wolffian duct
|
|
|
which hormone causes thicker, oily skin
|
testosterone
|
|
|
how many haploid oocytes are produced by meiosis of a single diploid cell
|
one
|
|
|
which hormone causes the release of FSH
|
gonadotropin releasing hormone
|
|
|
the absence of menstruation is
|
amenorrhea
|
|
|
what effect does an abnormally high level of estrogen have of fertility
|
prevents ovulation
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the nuclear membrane reform for the 2nd time
|
telophase II
|
|
|
days 6-14 of the uterine cycle are collectively known as
|
proliferative phase
|
|
|
the 2nd most prevalent cancer cause of death in women, effecting 1 of every 8
|
breast cancer
|
|
|
how many developing ppcytes does a female have during the 7th month of fetal development
|
6-7 million
|
|
|
a structure that allows the testes to remain cooler than body temperature by positioning them outside of then abdominopelvic cavity
|
scrotum
|
|
|
muscle in walls of scrotum which help regulate testicular temperature
|
dartos muscle
|
|
|
another name for the paramesonephric duct is
|
mullerian duct
|
|
|
which hormone causes a higher muscle to fat ratio
|
testosterone
|
|
|
name for the human egg
|
oocyte
|
|
|
4th most prevalent cancer cause of death in women
|
ovarian cancer
|
|
|
aka mullerian duct
|
paramesonephric duct
|
|
|
which glands produce most of the semen
|
seminal vesicles
|
|
|
which hormone causes body hair to become course
|
testosterone
|
|
|
what produces hCG from the 8th week until the 4th month
|
placenta
|
|
|
late in the menstrual cycle, what effect does estrogen have on FSH and LH levels
|
decreases their levels
|
|
|
what enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of estradiol
|
aromatase
|
|
|
a chronic stage of syphilis in which symptoms may re-occur over a 5 year period
|
secondary stage
|
|
|
"XX" is the normal sex chronosomal composition for
|
female
|
|
|
where is estradiol produced
|
granulosa cells
|
|
|
which cells convert testosterone into most of a woman's estrogen
|
granulosa cells
|
|
|
what is the major effect from a functioning Y chromosome
|
maleness
|
|
|
days 0-5 of a woman's reproductive cycle are
|
menses
|
|
|
days 14-28 of the ovarian cycle are collectively known as
|
luteal phase
|
|
|
which hormone directly triggers spermatogenesis
|
testosterone
|
|
|
which pair of chromosomes are the "sex" chromosomes
|
23
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the aster fibers appear for the 2nd time
|
prophase II
|
|
|
what effect does an abnormally high level of progesterone have on fertility
|
prevents the sperm from reaching the egg and prevents egg implantation
|
|
|
yeast infections are cause by what organism
|
candida albicans
|
|
|
at what stage of meiosis are the oocytes when they enter the 1st meiotic arrest
|
prophase I
|
|
|
what is the process by which homologous chromosomes find each other and line up side by side
|
synapsis
|
|
|
when conducting a PAPS smear, samples should be taken from the squamo-columnar junction aka
|
transformation zone
|
|
|
the fluid filled space in a follicle is
|
antrum
|
|
|
what produces human hCG from day 8 till week 8 of pregnancy
|
trophoblasts cells of the embryo
|
|
|
which drug keep the egg from implanting
|
the "morning after pill"
|
|
|
late in the menstrual cycle, what effect does estrogen have of FSH and LH levels
|
negative feedback
|
|
|
what occurs during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle
|
granulosa cells produce estrogen
|
|
|
failure of testes to descend into scrotum is
|
cryptorchidism
|
|
|
at what stage of meiosis is the oocyte lost due to menses
|
metaphase II
|
|
|
which compound directs the development of male donads
|
testes determining factor
|
|
|
at what stage of meiosis does ovulation occur
|
prophase II
|
|
|
the chromosomal dumps which are discarded during meiosis in a woman are
|
polar body
|
|
|
an STD that causes liver failure of hepatic cancer
|
hepatitis B
|
|
|
which segment of the sperm contains the mitochondria
|
midpiece
|
|
|
a stage of cervical carcinoma marked by the replacement of some epithelial cells by atypical neoplastic cells
|
dysplasia or precancer
|
|
|
how old is the fetus when the primordial germ cells enter its body
|
5 weeks
|
|
|
which of the following hormones prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy
|
progesterone
|
|
|
meiosis in the female is
|
oogenesis
|
|
|
from what structure do the primordial germ cells originate
|
yolk sac
|
|
|
a benign condition afflicting approx 90% of the women in the US causing tenderness in breasts especially among menses
|
fibrocystic breast disease
|
|
|
which cells possess the enzyme aromatase
|
granulosa cells
|
|
|
where is hCG produced during the 1st 8 weeks of pregnancy
|
trophoblast cells of the embryo
|
|
|
what is the sex chromosomal composition for a normal human female
|
XX
|
|
|
at what stage of meiosis is the 2nd meiotic arrest
|
metaphase II
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers disappear for the 2nd time
|
telophase II
|
|
|
an overwhelming majority of cervical carcinoma is directly attributable to
|
human papilloma virus
|
|
|
at what phase of meiosis is an oocyte when it's ovulated
|
prophase II
|
|
|
what occurs if the corpus luteum regresses
|
menses
|
|
|
how many developing oocytes does a female have at birth
|
1.5 million
|
|
|
specialized veins which help cool the warm arterial blood entering the testes
|
pampiniform plexus
|
|
|
a disease in which functioning uterine lining is found outside the uterus in the abdominal and pelvic cavities
|
endometriosis
|
|
|
a severe inflammation of the upper genital tract resulting in infertility, ectopic pregnancies, and sever pain often caused by sexually transmitted diseases
|
pelvic inflammatory disease
|
|
|
the most common benign tumors of the uterine smooth muscle are
|
leiomyoma or fibroid
|
|
|
days 1-5 of the uterine cycle are collectively known as
|
menses
|
|
|
which best represents menses
|
days 1-5
|
|
|
what name is given to the follicle once it regresses and no longer maintains an endocrine function
|
corpus albicans
|
|
|
where is FSH produced
|
anterior pituitary gland
|
|
|
when does ovulation occur
|
day 14
|
|
|
which compounds are the principal inducer of pain during menstruation
|
prostoglandins
|
|
|
what occurs during the luteal phase of menstrual cycle
|
progesterone produced to maintain uterus for pregnancy
|
|
|
when does the LH surge occur
|
just prior to day 14
|
|
|
at what stage of meiosis are almost all the oocytes in all of the woman in this room
|
prophase I
|
|
|
what is the name given to the follicle, once it fills with various cell types and begins to produce progesterone
|
corpus luteum
|
|
|
early in the menstrual cycle, what effect does estrogen have on FSH and LH levels
|
negative feedback
|
|
|
which of the following hormones directly causes ovulation
|
LH
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the aster fibers disappear for the 2nd time
|
telophase II
|
|
|
which of the following is responsible for maintaining the uterus for pregnancy
|
progesterone
|
|
|
what hormone is derived from the conversion of testosterone
|
estradiol
|
|
|
the enzyme responsible for converting testosterone into estrogen
|
aromatase
|
|
|
during which stage of syphilis is permanent damages caused to the heart, kidneys, and brain
|
tertiary stage
|
|
|
after the 4th month of pregnancy which endocrine processes maintain the pregnancy
|
estrogen and progesterone are produced by the placenta
|
|
|
how many chromosomal dumps are produced by meiosis of a single diploid cell in a woman
|
3
|
|
|
what is the composition of the morning after pill
|
elevated estrogen, progesterone or both
|
|
|
which of the following is responsible for producing the hormone responsible for maintaining the uterus for pregnancy
|
corpus luteum
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the homologous pairs line up on metapheal plate so that one member of each pair is on each side of the plate
|
metaphase I
|
|
|
hormone regulating libido
|
testosterone
|
|
|
estrogen is derived from which molecule
|
estrogen
|
|
|
at what stage of meiosis does fertilization occur
|
metaphase II
|
|
|
what occurs during menses
|
menstrual bleedng
|
|
|
which drug prevents the sprem from reaching the egg
|
the morning after pill
|
|
|
how many polar bodies are produced by meiosis of a single dilploid cell in a women
|
3
|
|
|
24-36 hrs of high levels of this hormone, causes the LH surge
|
estrogen
|
|
|
what is a major function of the corpus luteum
|
produces progesterone maintain the uterus for pregnancy
|
|
|
an STD that causes venereal warts, does little damage to male and is the primary cause of cervical carcinoma in women
|
HPV
|
|
|
if the SRY gene on the Y chromosome works, this structure will cause the development of the male reproductive tract
|
mesonephric (wolffian) duct
|
|
|
during which stage of meiosis do the spindles shrink thereby pulling the chromatids apart allowing the 2 chromatids to migrate to thei respective poles
|
anaphase II
|
|
|
gives rise to female reproductive structures
|
mullerian duct
|
|
|
approximately how many women experience clinically painful menstruation
|
50%
|
|
|
which of the following hormones maintains the corpus luteum
|
progesterone
|
|
|
name bacterium that causes an STD which causes urethral inflammation, sterility in women and may be asymptomatic in 40% male cases and 60% of female cases
|
neisseria gonorrhea
|
|
|
approximately how many infant males experience the condition in which the testes fail to descend
|
5%
|
|
|
which drug prevents ovulation
|
the morning after pill
|
|
|
this directly stimulates an increase in the numbers of progesterone receptors
|
estrogen
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers contract pulling the 2 groups of chromosomes to their resprective poles
|
anaphase I
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the centromeres line up on the metapheseal plate so that one chromatid is on each side
|
metaphase II
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis does the nucleus reform for the 2nd time
|
telophase
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers appear for the 1st time
|
prophase I
|
|
|
the cells of the outer wall of the ovarian follicle are known as
|
thecal cells
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers disappear for the first time
|
telophase I
|
|
|
which of the following compounds is most commonly associated with causing uterine contractions
|
oxytocin
|
|
|
what exactly proliferates during the proliferative stage of the cycle
|
endometrium
|
|
|
special protein rings that hold the 2 chromatids together
|
centormere
|
|
|
which stage of syphilis may last for decades during which symptoms may or may not reappear
|
latent stage
|
|
|
the division of cytoplasm is
|
cytokinesis
|
|
|
which ovarian structure contains the oocyte
|
ovarian follicle
|
|
|
aka mesonephric duct
|
wolffian duct
|
|
|
gland producing the 2nd largest amount of semen
|
prostate
|
|
|
the production of oocytes is
|
oogenesis
|
|
|
these cells line the walls of the antrum
|
granulosa cells
|
|
|
best represents the follicular phase
|
days 1-14
|
|
|
this is a more common cause of severe pain during intercourse
|
endometriosis
|
|
|
a direct function of hCG
|
keeps corpus luteum functioning
|
|
|
how many chromosomes are in human oocyte/embyro during anaphase II of meiosis
|
69
|
|
|
cervical carcinoma may be considered an STD by some epidemiologists because an overwhelming majority is caused by
|
HPV
|
|
|
when conducting a PAPS smear, samples should be taken from the transformation zone located at the
|
squamo-columnar junction
|
|
|
the 2nd most prevalent cancer cause of death is men
|
prostate
|
|
|
which of the following causes prolonged and painful erection that occurs w/out sexual arousal is caused by
|
spinal cord trauma, sickle cell disease and tumors
|
|
|
aka mature follicle
|
graafian follicle
|
|
|
during which division of meiosis is the number of chromosomes cut in half
|
1st division
|
|
|
during which days of a womans reproductive cycle does menstrual bleeding occur
|
days 1-5
|
|
|
what is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum during the early stages of pregnancy
|
hCG
|
|
|
how does RU286 function
|
blocks progesterone receptors
|
|
|
days 1014 of the ovarian cycle are collectively known as
|
follicular phase
|
|
|
which of the following hormone causes the LH peak
|
estradiol
|
|
|
which sec chromosomes can a mother contribute to the embryp
|
X
|
|
|
after the first meiotic arrest when does meiosis begin again in a women
|
puberty
|
|
|
best represents the luteal phase
|
days 14-28
|
|
|
a painless lesion caused by the production of analgesic by the bacterium that causes syphilis
|
chancer
|
|
|
for a male how long does meiosis continue once started
|
throughout life
|
|
|
because it's produced by the embryo, what hormone is used to indicate a positive test for pregnancy
|
hCG
|
|
|
the production of egg and sperm is
|
gametogenesis
|
|
|
name the organism that causes an STD which results in urethral inflammation, infertility in women, and 30% of all pediatic pneumonia cases
|
chlamydia trachomatis
|
|
|
a hormone stimulating the production of estradiol
|
FSH
|
|
|
aka fibroid is
|
leiomyoma
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the spindle fibers appear for the 2nd time
|
prophase II
|
|
|
name the STD caused by flagellated protazoan resulting in acute vaginitis
|
trichomonas vaginalis
|
|
|
generally, enlargement of the prostate that occurs in most men when increased age is
|
benign prostatic hyertrophy
|
|
|
during which phase of meiosis do the chromosomes 1st become visible as being replicated
|
prophase I
|
|
|
a tern indicating a cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes, one from mom and one from dad
|
diploid
|
