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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some of the advantages of using ultrasound? (5)
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NO IONIZING RADIATION
ability to see anatomy/path in real time Portability Independent from organ function Ability to monitor blood flow (To gain venous access, less chance for vascular injury, etc.) |
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what is posterior acoustical shadowing? When does it occur?
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when the sound beam of an ultrasound is stopped
happens when ultrasounding over bone |
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Please list the colors of the following densities on ULTRASOUND
Bone/Ca Water Soft Tissue Fat Air |
Bone or calcium: white (echogenic)
Water: black (sonolucent/anechoic) Soft tissues: varying shades of gray Fat: white (echogenic) Air: very poor conductor of US waves: a limiting factor |
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Most important role of ultrasound?
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MOST IMPORTANT ROLE IS DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN CYST AND SOLID
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fetal pole
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On MRI, what is the difference between T1 and T2
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T1: anatomic
T2: pathologic |
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On ultrasound, what female reproductive structure should NOT be seen? When would you see it?
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FALLOPIAN TUBE
abnormal, or dilated with fluid (infectious process) think PID |
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most common tumor that we see in the uterus?
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UTERINE FIBROID
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uterine fibroid
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uterine fibroid on x ray
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What is the most common ovarian tumor seen on ultrasound? (2nd?3rd?)
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DERMOID-have to take them out
serous cystadenoma mucinous cystadenoma |
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give the Houndsfield units for fluid, air, bone, fat
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Fluid: 0-20
Air: -1000 Bone: 1000 Fat: -50ish |
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pt presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain, and adnexal mass. They have a positive pregnancy test...what is going on?
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ectopic pregnancy
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In the female pelvis, what is the imaging procedure of choice?
What is the most common uterine mass? What is the most common tumor of the ovary? intrauterine “pseudo-sac”, adnexal mass, adnexal and/pr cul de sac blood or fluid are signs of what? ***TEST |
In the female pelvis, what is the imaging procedure of choice? ULTRASOUND
What is the most common uterine mass? FIBROID What is the most common tumor of the ovary? DERMOID (a dermoid is a mature teratoma...teeth/hair...gross) intrauterine “pseudo-sac”, adnexal mass, adnexal and/pr cul de sac blood or fluid are signs of what? ECTOPIC PREGNANCY |
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If you suspect torsion of the testicle, what imaging modality do you use? If you see that it is not, what is likely going on?
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ULTRASOUND
Epididymitis |
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Testicular microlithiasis
potential for germ cell tumors |
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What is the most accurate measurement for fetal dating between 7-12 weeks?
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Crown rump length
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what confirms a pregnancy?
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doppler heart rate on US
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Nuchal Translucency shows you what? what should it be in mm
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Fold at back of neck
Marker for downs, trisomy 13, 18, XO Marker for Cardiac Defects EARLIEST TO SHOW THESE (before nasal bone) SHOULD BE UNDER 3mm |
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when should the nasal bone be present? if it is not, what are you thinking the baby might have
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12-14 weeks
increased risk of Downs |
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what is the single most important measurement to make in late pregnancy? What does ti show?
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Abdominal Circumference
Reflects more of fetal size and weight rather than age Serial measurements are useful in monitoring growth of the fetus (slide 86) |
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what is placenta previa?
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The placenta overlaps the internal cervical os
A cause for antepartem (before birth) hemorrhage May necessitate C-section |
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what is polyhydramnios?
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A condition in which the pregnant uterus contains too much amniotic fluid
It is believed that amniotic fluid is manufactured by the amnion Babies urinate and sweat, also adding to the fluid Fluid is removed from the amniotic sac when the baby swallows and the fluid is taken into the bloodstream and transferred to the mother's bloodstream via the placenta |
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THINGS TO KNOW
When is fetal dating most accurate? Using what? When is the gestational sac seen at its earliest? What is a marginal placenta previa? **TEST |
Fetal dating is most accurate in early pregnancy using CRL between 7 and 12 weeks
The gestational sac can be identified as early as 4.5 weeks A marginal placenta previa partially overlaps or approximates the internal cervical os |
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not sure if we need to know this, but what are the following reports indicative of following Breast Imaging
0 1 2 3 4 5 |
0/A – Needs additional assesment
1/N – Normal 2/B – Benign 3/PB – Probably Benign 4/S – Suspicious 5/M – Malignant |
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common findings of malignant breast cancer on imaging?
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Taller than wide
shadowing dense irregular border |
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which is a cyst, which is cancer?
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Left: Cyst
Right: cancer |
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breast cancer
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when looking at a mammogram, what are the 2 thinks your looking for?
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asymmetric density
calcifications |
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classic breast cancer-spiculated-small breast
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What is a valuable function of breast MRI?
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finding a second cancer within the same breast that already has some cancer
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