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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A congenital obstruction found in utero as well as in infants is:
a. ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJ) b. ureterocele c. bladder diverticulum d. posterior urethral valves |
a. ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)
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Parapelvic cysts are located in the:
a. renal hilum b. renal cortex c. lower pole d. pararenal space |
a. renal hilum
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The most common solid renal mass found in childhood is:
a. Renal cell carcinoma b. angiomyolipoma c. Wilm's tumor d. Von Hippel-lindau tumor |
c. Wilm's tumor
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A cause of nonobstructive hydronephrosis is:
a. calculi b. overhydration c. neoplasm d. ureteropelvic stricture |
b. overhydration
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A sign of transplant rejection is:
a. Resistive index (RI) greater than 0.7 b. RI > than 0.4 c. RI < 0.4 d. no RI |
a. RI > 0.7
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Fusion of the lower pole of the kidneys is called a:
a. cross-renal ectopia b. pelvic kidney c. supernumerary kidney d. horseshoe kidney |
d. Horseshoe kidney
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The most echogenic portion of the kidney is/are the:
a. cortex b. sinus c. medullary pyramids d. parenchyma |
b. sinus
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A cystlike enlargement of the distal end of the ureter is called:
a. a ureterocele b. a diverticula c. a urechal cyst d. cystitis |
a. a ureterocele
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Which of the following describes the sonographic appearance of chronic pyelonephritis?
a. echogenic cortex b. hypoechoic enlarged kidney c. inability to distinguish the cortex from the medullary regions d. echogenic foci in the medullary regions |
c. inability to distinguish the cortex from the medullary regions
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A cortical bulge in the lateral border of the kidney is called a/an:
a. junction parenchymal defect b. Dromedary hump c. extrarenal pelvis d. Column of Bertin |
b. Dromedary hump
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A dilated renal pelvis without ureteral dilation is seen in patients with:
a. hydronephrosis b. a posterior urethral valve obstruction c. a ureteropelvic junction obstruction d. a ureterocele |
c. a ureteropelvic junction obstruction
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Renal failure is most commonly associated w/ all the following except:
a. increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) b. increase creatinine c. acute tubular necrosis d. renal cyst |
d. renal cyst
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A post-transplant perinephric fluid collection can present as all of the following except:
a. ureterocele b. hematoma c. urinoma d. d. lymphocele |
a. ureterocele
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A renal sonogram is performed. The finding of hypoechoic areas adjacent to the renal sinus is most consistent with:
a. Bifid renal pelvis b. renal pyramid c. Column of Bertin d. junctional parenchymal defect |
b. renal pyramid
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A baseline renal transplant sonographic examination is performed w/in _____ hrs. after surgery.
a. 4-8 b. 12-18 c. 24-36 d. 48-72 |
d. 48-72
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A common finding in people over the age of 50 is:
a. renal calculi b. a renal cyst c. multicystic disease d. hypernephroma |
b. a renal cyst
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Dilation of the renal pelvis w/ thinning of the renal cortex is characteristic of:
a. duplex collection system b. Column of Bertin c. hydronephrosis d. extrarenal pelvis |
c. hydronephrosis
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Renal vein thrombosis may be visualized in patients with:
a. pyelonephritis b. renal calculi c. renal cell carcinoma d. angiomyolipoma |
c. renal cell carcinoma
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Ureteral jets are not visualized in patients with
a. renal cell carcinoma b. obstruction c. duplex collecting system d. acute focal bacterial nephritis |
b. obstruction
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The process of disposing of metabolic wastes is called:
a. urea b. excretion c. deamination d. urination |
b. excretion
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Urine in the major calyces next passes into the:
a. minor calyces b. papilla c. renal capsule d. renal pelvis |
d. renal pelvis
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The kidneys are located in the:
a. peritoneal cavity b. retroperitoneal cavity c. perirenal cavity d. perirenal space |
b. retroperitoneal cavity
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The left kidney is in contact with the:
a. spleen, pancreas, and GB b. Spleen, GB, and duodenum c. pancreas, colon, and porta hepatis d. spleen, pancreas, colon and jejunum |
d. spleen, pancreas, colon and jejunum
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The right kidney is in contact with the:
a. spleen, colon, and adrenal gland b. liver, colon, and adrenal gland c. liver, pancreas, and GB d. liver, GB, and splenic flexure |
b. liver, colon, and adrenal gland
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Outside the renal capsule is the:
a. perinephric fat b. paranephric space c. renal fascia d. renal medulla |
a. perinephric fat
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A triangular-shaped lesion on the peripheral border of the kidney most likely represents a(an):
a. renal tumor b. artifact from rib c. IVC compression d. junction parenchymal defect |
d. junction parenchymal defect
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The left renal vein courses:
a. posterior to the IVC b. anterior to the IVC c. anterior to the aorta d. anterior to the SMA |
c. anterior to the aorta
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The vessel seen posterior to the IVC on the sagittal scan represents the:
a. right adrenal artery b. right renal artery c. left renal artery d. left renal vein |
b. right renal artery
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Renal sonography is not helpful in evaluating:
a. obstructive uropathy b. cyst formation c. renal function d. angiomyolipoma |
c. renal function
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A potential space located between the liver edge and the right kidney is:
a. Morrison's pouch b. Douglas' pouch c. Cul-de-sac D. Winhauer's space |
a. Morrison's pouch
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Renal cell carcinoma commonly invades the IVC via the:
a. renal vein b. renal artery c. portal vein d. splenic vein |
a. renal vein
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Pyonephrosis refers to the presence of:
a. blood in a dilated collecting system b. pus in a dilated collcted system c. urine in a dilated collecting system d. a perinephric abscess |
b. pus in a dilated collected system
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An extremely large echogenic renal sinus that appears to engulf the entire renal parenchymal outline suggests:
a. hydronephrosis b. lipomatosis c. hypernephroma d. nephrocalcinosis |
b. lipomatosis
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The differential consideration of pseudohydronephrosis can be made if the:
a. patient is obese b. bladder is too full c. patient has hematuria d. kidney contains calculi |
b. bladder is too full
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Which of the following is a benign fatty tumor of the kidney?
a. angiomyolipoma b. hypernephroma c. neuroblastoma d. lymphoma |
a. angiomyolipoma
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All except which of the following statements about the kidneys are true?
a. The kidneys are intraperitoneal in location b. The average adult kidneys measure approx. 9-12 cm in length c. The kidneys may move with respiration d. The anteroposterior thickness of the normal adult kidneys is approximately 4-5 cm |
a. The kidneys are intraperitoneal in location
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APKD may be characterized by all except which of the following?
a. it is a latent disease until the third or fourth decade of life b. It is an autosomal-dominant disease c. It may be associated with the cysts in the liver, pancreas, and spleen d. The involved kidneys are small and extremely echogenic |
d. the involved kidneys are small and extremely echogenic
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Which of the following statements about the kidneys is false?
a. The kidneys are rigidly fixed on the abdominal wall b. The kidneys consist of an internal medullary and external cortical substance c. The kidneys rest on the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles d. Renal pyramids are found within the medullary region |
a. The kidneys are rigidly fixed on the abdominal wall
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A pelvic kidney has a(n):
a. abnormal appearance in a normal location b. Normal appearance in an abnormal location c. normal appearance in a normal location d. abnormal renal pelvis |
b. normal appearance in an abnormal location
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Which of the following disorders does not produce a complex sonographic pattern?
a. infected cyst b. hemorrhagic cyst c. hematomas d. congenital simple cyst |
d. congenital simple cyst
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The normal bladder wall should be smooth and thin, and measure:
a. 2-4 mm b. 3-6 mm c. 5-7 mm d. 5-10 mm |
a & b
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Which of the following describes a bladder diverticulum?
a. a cystic enlargement of the bladder orifice b. an echogenic mass of the bladder wall c. a herniation of the bladder wall d. a focal thickening of the bladder wall |
c. a herniation of the bladder wall
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In an adult, a postvoid residual of less than______ cc of urine is considered normal.
a. 35 b. 50 c. 20 d. 25 |
c. 20
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A central cystic region that extends beyond the medial renal border is called:
a. hydronephrosis b. a parapelvic cyst c. a peripelvic cyst d. an extrarenal pelvis |
d. an extrarenal pelvis
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Echogenic pyramids with or without shadowing are ??
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medullary sponge kidney
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_____ _______ _______ can appear normal or as enlarged increased cortical echogenicity, enlarged and hyperechoic pyramids; when severe, decreased diastolic flow
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Acute tubular necrosis
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_______ ________ ______: initially increased size gradually progressing to decreased size. Doppler shows high systolic peak velocities, little or no diastolic flow at stenotic site.
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Renal artery stenosis
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_____ ______: Medium echogenicity, non-shadowing mobile defect within the renal collecting system, small hypoechoic parenchymal masses
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Fungal infection
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_______ is also called Wilm's tumor.
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Nephroblastoma
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________: fever with chills, echogenic foci w/ posterior shadowing. May or may not show hydronephrosis.
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Nephrolithiasis
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___ _____ _______: Symptoms include:
* hematuria * palpable mass * flank pain * fever * weight loss * hypertension |
Renal cell carcinoma
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______ _________: Irregular cortical echo pattern, increased cortical echogenicity, bilateral renal enlargement, prominent pyramids.
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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A 42 Y/O F patient is referred for a renal u/s. Her urinalysis shows microscopic hematuria. A solid mass is id'd in the renal cortex. The mass is more echogenic than the renal sinus, and the collecting system is not dilated. Dx?
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angiomyolipoma
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A 18 Y/O patient is seen in the ED w/ severe left flank pain and gross hematuria. The u/s reveals a normal rt kidney. Lt kidney has dilated renal collecting system and ureter. The uretral jet is seen on rt., but not on lt. This is most consistent w/?
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Obstruction of the distal left ureter
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An elderly patient w/ gross hematuria, pain, and a palpable abd. mass is seen for abd., and pelvic u/s. The abd u/s reveals a hypoechoic mass in the renal sinus that's obstructing the renal collecting system and causing hydronephrosis of the left kidney. The lt kidney doesn't lose its shape. An irr. shape mass is id'd in urinary bladder. Color Dopp. imaging of both masses doesn't show increased vascularity. Dx?
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Transitional cell carcinoma
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A 2 Y/O boy w/ a history of weight loss, vomiting, and hypertension, and w/ dark pink urine is referred for a renal u/s. The sonographer reveals a large homogeneous echogenic mass distorting the kidney. What is the most likely Dx?
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Wilm's tumor
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A patient on long term dialysis w/ hypertension and flank pain is seen as an outpatient for a renal u/s. Sonogram reveals normal lt. kidney. Rt kidney shows a large complex mass on the lower pole. Low level echoes are identified in rt renal vein. Most likely Dx?
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Renal cell carcinoma or acquired cystic disease
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A 24 Y/O F w/ a 12 yr history of recurring UTI's scheduled for outpatient renal u/s. She has history of hypertension, 103 F temp., nausea, and vomiting and dysuria. Labs: proteinuria, bacteriuria, increased BUN and creatinine levels. Rt kidney normal. Lt kidney show narrowed renal parenchyma and focal areas of increased echogenicity. Lt kidney small, misshapen, and borders difficult to visualize. Dx?
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Xanthogranuloma or Chronic pyelonephritis
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