Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What substance is used to measure the plasma volume?
|
Radiolabeled albumin
|
|
What substance is used to measure the Extracellular volume?
|
Inulin
|
|
% of body mass that is water?
|
60%
|
|
% of body mass that is ECF?
|
20%
1/3 of total body water |
|
% of body mass that is ICF?
|
40%
2/3 of total body water |
|
% of body mass that is Plasma volume?
|
5%
1/4 of ECF which is 1/3 of TBW |
|
% of body mass that is Interstitial fluid
|
15%
3/4 of ECF which is 1/3 of TBW |
|
What substance is used to measure Effective renal plasma flow?
|
P-amminohippuric acid
Is filtered and secreted; all PAH that enters kidney is excreted |
|
Above what plasma glucose concentration does glucosuria begin to form?
|
200mg/dL
|
|
What does the kidney do to vitamin D?
|
Converts 25-OH vitamin D to 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D;
Enzyme is 1-alpha-hydroxylase which is activated by PTH |
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Methanol |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Uremia |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Diabetic ketoacidosis |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Paraldehyde |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Phenformin |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Iron tablets |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
INH |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Lactic acidosis |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Ethylene glycol |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Salicylates |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Diarrhea |
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Glue sniffing |
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Renal tubular acidosis |
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Hyperchloremia |
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
What is fused in a horseshoe kidney?
|
The inferior poles of both kidneys are fused together
|
|
Horseshoe kidneys get trapped under what?
|
Inferior mesenteric artery
Kidneys end up low in the abdomen because they can't continue migrating superiorly from the pelvis |
|
Type of cast?
Glomerular inflammation |
RBC cast
|
|
Type of cast?
Ischemia |
RBC cast
|
|
Type of cast?
Malignant hypertension |
RBC cast
|
|
Type of cast?
Tubulointerstitial disease |
WBC cast
|
|
Type of cast?
Acute pyelonephritis |
WBC cast
|
|
Type of cast?
Glomerular disorders |
WBC cast
|
|
Type of cast?
Acute tubular necrosis |
Granular cast
|
|
Type of cast?
Advanced renal disease |
Waxy cast
|
|
What causes hematuria w/o RBC casts?
|
Bladder cancer
|
|
What causes WBC's in urine w/o WBC casts
|
Acute cystitis
|
|
Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Acute poststreptococcal GN |
nephrItic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Rapidly progresive GN |
nephrItic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Goodpasture's syndrome |
nephrItic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Membranoproliferative GN |
nephrItic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic or Nephrotic:
IgA nephropathy |
nephrItic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Alport's syndrome |
nephrItic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Membranous GN |
nephrOtic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Minimal change disease |
nephrOtic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis |
nephrOtic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Diabetic nephropathy |
nephrOtic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Lupus nephropathy |
nephrOtic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Renal amyloidosis |
nephrOtic syndrome
|
|
Crescent formation in glomerulus
|
Rapidly progressive GN
|
|
Anti-GBM antibodies
|
Goodpasture's syndrome
|
|
"Tram-track" appearance in glomerulus
|
Membranoproliferative GN
|
|
Mesangial deposition of antibodies
|
IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
|
|
"Spike and dome" appearance on EM
|
Membranous GN
|
|
MCC of nephrotic syndrome in adults?
|
Membranous GN
|
|
MCC of nephrotic syndrome in children
|
Minimal Change disease
|
|
Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions
|
Diabetic nephropathy
|
|
Apple green birefringence on immunoflorescence
|
Renal amyloidosis
|
|
Most common kidney stone
|
Calcium oxalate/calcium phosphate stones
|
|
2nd most common kidney stone
|
Ammonium magnesium phosphate stone (struvite)
|
|
Staghorn calculi
|
Ammonium magnesium phosphate kidney stones
Caused by urease (+) microbes |
|
Radiolucent kidney stone
|
Uric acid stone
|
|
Kidney stone caused by Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus or Klebsiella
|
Ammonium magnesium phosphate kidney stone (struvite)
Form staghorn calculi |
|
Most common renal malignancy
|
Renal cell carcinoma
|
|
Most common renal malignancy of early childhood
|
Wilm's tumor
Usually occurs between ages 2 and 4 |
|
Paraneoplatic syndromes a/w Renal cell carcinoma
|
EPO, ACTH, PTHrP, and prolactin
|
|
Genetics of von Hippel-Lindau
|
Gene deletion in chromosome 3
|
|
Most common tumor of urinary tract system
|
Transitional cell carcinoma
aka Urothelial Carcinoma |
|
MCC of acute renal failure
|
Acute tubular necrosis
|
|
Consequences of:
Hyponatremia |
Disorientation, stupor, coma
|
|
Consequences of:
Hypernatremia |
Irritability, delirium, coma
|
|
Consequences of:
Hypokalemia |
U waves on EKG, flattened T waves, arrhythmias, paralysis
|
|
Consequences of:
Hyperkalemia |
Peaked T waves, arrhythmias
|
|
Consequences of:
Hypocalcemia |
Tetany, neuromuscular irritability
|
|
Consequences of:
Hypercalcemia |
Delirium, renal stones, abdominal pain
|
|
Consequences of:
Hypomagnesemia |
Neuromuscular irritability, arrhythmias
|
|
Consequences of:
Hypermagnesemia |
Delirium, hyporeflexia, cardiopulmonary arrest
|
|
Consequences of:
Hypophosphatemia |
Low-mineral ion product causes bone loss
|
|
Consequences of:
Hyperphosphatemia |
High-mineral ion product causes metastatic calcification, renal stones
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Mannitol |
Osmotic diuretic
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Acetazolamide |
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Furosemide |
Loop diuretic
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Ethacrynic Acid |
non-sulfonamide Loop diuretic
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Hydrochlorothiazide |
Thiazide diuretic
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Bumetamide |
Loop diuretic
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Torsemide |
Loop diuretic
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Chlorothiazide |
Thiazide diuretic
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Metolazone |
Thiazide diuretic
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Chlorothalidone |
Thiazide diuretic
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Spironolactone |
Potassium sparing diuretic
Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist |
|
Type of diuretic:
Eplereone |
Potassium sparing diuretic
Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist |
|
Type of diuretic:
Triamterene |
Potassium sparing diuretic
Blocks Na channel in principal cells |
|
Type of diuretic:
Amiloride |
Potassium sparing diuretic
Blocks Na channel in principal cells |
|
Type of diuretic:
Captopril |
ACE inhibitor
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Enalapril |
ACE inhibitor
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Lisinopril |
ACE inhibitor
|
|
Type of diuretic:
Losartan |
Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
|